论清代涪岸乌江流域会馆建筑选址特点

On the Characteristics of Selecting Sites for Building Guilds along Fu-an Bank on Wujiang River Basin in Qing Dynasty

清代,客居涪岸乌江流域的外省移民以原籍地缘关系为纽带,在各府、厅、州、县都创建有大大小小的会馆。由于这些会馆既是同籍移民社会活动的中心,又是当地标志性的公共建筑,因此,对其建筑选址具有非同寻常的要求,即选择能够凸显其地位和气势的位置。正是这一要求使得其建筑选址呈现出四大特点:一是彰显中国传统“风水”观念;二是靠近水陆交通枢纽码头;三是与官府衙门毗邻而建;四是位于城镇中心地带。

In the Qing Dynasty,immigrants from other provinces living in the Wujiang River Basin on the Fu-an bank took the geographical relationship of their original places as links,and established large and small guilds in various governments,halls,prefectures and counties.As these guilds are not only the hubs of social activities of fellow immigrants,but also typical public buildings,there is an unusual requirement for the location of their buildings,that is,to choose the location that can highlight their status and momentum.It is this requirement that makes its architectural site selection show four major characteristics:first,it highlights the Chinese traditional concept of"Feng Shui";second,it is close to the wharf of the water and land transportation hub;third,it is built adjacent to the government Yamen;and fourth,it is located in the center of cities and towns.