华北平原地下水超采状况与治理对策建议

The groundwater overexploitation status and countermeasure suggestions of the North China Plain

近年,地下水超采治理取得了明显成效,北京、天津和沧州等大中城市区深层承压水位止跌回升,地面沉降有所减缓,但由于长期采补失衡在山前倾斜平原区和中东部平原深层承压含水层区仍发育两个带状巨型超采区。山前单一潜水含水层超采区地下水水位整体下降,含水层亏空严重,其主要原因是水库过度拦蓄造成山前地下水补给大幅减少;相邻的弱承压水超采区地下水降落漏斗仍在扩大并呈连片趋势,其原因是地下水开采强度过大、水库调度不规范及来自上游单一潜水含水层的侧向补给锐减。中东部平原深层承压水超采区地下水降落漏斗也在扩大呈连片趋势,是地下水长期过量开采形成的;浅层地下水水位基本处于稳定状态。为此提出分区分层精准施策的6条对策建议。

Prominent effects have been made by the groundwater overexploitation control in recent years.The deep confined water level stopped fall and has been rising in Beijing,Tianjin,Cangzhou and other large and medium-sized cities,and the land subsidence development tendency begin to slow down.But there still exists two banded huge overexploitation zone due to the long-term unbalanced groundwater exploitation and recharge.The groundwater level decreased as a whole and the aquifer suffered severe deficit in the single phreatic aquifer overexploitation zone,which is largely caused by the sharp decrease recharge owing to the reservoir excessive interception.The groundwater depression cone still has been expanding with a continuous trend in the adjacent weak confined aquifer overexploitation zone,which is caused by the over-intensified groundwater extraction,irregular reservoir regulation and the sharp decrease lateral recharge from the upper single phreatic aquifer.The groundwater depression cone also has been expanding with a continuous trend in the deep confined water overexploitation zone of the eastern central plain,which is caused by the groundwater over pumping;the shallow groundwater level is basically remained stable.For this reason,six precise countermeasures and suggestions in various zone and stratigraphic region have been put forward.