湖南省居民2019冠状病毒病知识、态度与应对行为

Knowledge,attitude,and practice survey regarding coronavirus disease 2019 among residents in Hunan Province

目的:分析湖南省居民2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)相关知识、态度和行为的现况及其行为的影响因素。方法:利用自行设计问卷对湖南省4139名居民进行网络横断面调查。问卷内容包括基本人口学资料、居民对COVID-19的认知、态度和具体应对行为等。结果:调查对象的COVID-19相关知识、态度、行为分数分别为29.82±3.16,6.71±1.12,14.93±1.45。COVID-19主要症状的认知分数最高,为3.96±0.39分;主要传播途径分数最低,为3.47±0.89分。有22.68%的居民非常害怕或比较害怕疫情,95.22%的居民对战胜COVID-19有信心。出现疑似症状应对的行为分数最低,为3.58±0.75;保持家居表面清洁(80.50%),均衡饮食、适量运动、作息规律(84.59%),接触公共物品和设施后避免直接接触口、鼻、眼(89.51%)的行为执行率相对较低。Pearson相关分析显示:知识、态度和应对行为具有两两相关性(知识与行为:r=0.366;知识与态度:r=0.041;态度与行为:r=0.100;均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示:COVID-19知识、态度和行为分数均受文化程度的影响(均P<0.05);行为分数主要受知识、态度、性别、长期居住地和文化程度5个因素的影响(均P<0.05)。结论:湖南省居民的COVID-19相关知识、态度和行为整体处于较高水平,但各维度仍存薄弱环节。需针对居家防护知识和行为加强宣传,并积极关注民众心理健康,尤其是对男性、较低文化程度者及农村地区的居民。

Objective:To evaluate residents’knowledge,attitude and behavior towards coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Hunan Province,and to explore the factors influencing behaviors.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct an online survey for 4139 Hunan residents.The contents included general population information,residents'knowledge,attitude and practice to COVID-19.Results:Mean scores of knowledge,attitude,and behavior were 29.82±3.16,6.71±1.12,and 14.93±1.45,respectively.Residents had the highest score of major symptoms of COVID-19(3.96±0.39),but the lowest was the main transmission routes(3.47±0.89).A total of 22.68%of the residents were very or relatively afraid of the outbreak,but 95.22%of the residents had confidence in defeating COVID-19.In behavior dimension,“handling of suspicious symptoms”had the lowest score(3.58±0.75).The behavior implementation rate of“keep the surfaces of household items clean”(80.50%),“doing more exercise,reasonable diet,working and resting regularly”(84.59%),and“avoid hand contacting with eyes,mouth or nose”(89.51%)were relatively low.Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the knowledge,attitude,and practices score were correlated with each other(knowledge vs behavior:r=0.366;knowledge vs attitude:r=0.041;attitude vs behavior:r=0.100;all P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the knowledge,attitude and behavior on COVID-19 were mostly influenced by education background(all P<0.05),and the independent factors affecting behavior included knowledge and attitude,gender,permanent residence,education background(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Residents in Hunan Province have a good knowledge,attitude,and behavior to COVID-19.Nevertheless there are still weak links to be improved in all dimensions.It is necessary to strengthen knowledge and behavior of family protection,and care for residents’psychological health,especially persons with low education degree,male and rural residents.