简论不当出生之损害赔偿的法理基础、主体与范围

On the Legal Basis,Subject and Scope of Damage Compensation for Wrongful Birth

“不当出生(wrongful birth)”,也称“错误出生”,是指医师对孕妇进行产前检查时未尽相应职责,导致父母产下缺陷婴儿。由于不当出生带来了缺陷儿本人及其父母财产上以及精神上的损害,由此产生相应的赔偿问题。解决赔偿问题的前提是厘清不当出生损害赔偿请求权的法理基础,包括违约损害赔偿请求权和侵权损害赔偿请求权。对二者进行比较分析发现提起侵权之诉,可以最大限度的保护受害人权益。基于不同的法理请求权基础,选择提起违约之诉或者侵权之诉,其主体及赔偿范围也有着重要的区别,对其进行详细的阐释,对于不当出生损害赔偿问题做针对性的探究有所裨益。

"wrongful birth",means that doctors do not perform their corresponding duties during prenatal examination of pregnant women,resulting in parents giving birth to defective babies.Due to the wrongful birth of the defective children and their parents property and moral damage,resulting in corresponding compensation problems.The premise of solving the problem of compensation is to clarify the legal basis of the right to claim compensation for wrongful birth damage,including the right to claim compensation for breach of contract and the right to claim compensation for tort.