南京国民政府“汽油节约”运动述论(1947—1949年)

On Gasoline Saving Movement of Nanjing National Government(1947-1949)

汽油作为一种液体燃料,无论在平时或战时,都是关系国计民生的重要物资。1947—1949年,南京国民政府为节省外汇,实行汽油限额进口,并倡导消费节约。“车满为患”的上海广泛开展和推行“汽油节约”运动。通过限制私人使用汽车、实行汽油凭证与限额配给以及试验节约汽油新技术等举措,上海当局试图规制汽车使用与撙节汽油消耗。然而,限制私人使用汽车效果不彰,汽油配给制度局限性与弊病明显,“汽油节约”运动显然乏善可陈。

Gasoline,as a kind of liquid fuel,was an important material related to national economy and people's livelihood whether in peacetime or wartime.During 1947 to 1949,for saving foreign exchange,Nanjing National Government implemented the gasoline quota import policy,and advocated consumption saving.Shanghai,which was filled with cars,carried out the Gasoline Saving Movement extensively.By restricting private use of cars,implementing gasoline voucher and quota allocation as well as testing the new technology for saving gasoline,Shanghai planned to regulate the use of cars and the consumption of gasoline.However,the effect of restricting the use of private cars was not significant,and the gasoline allocation system also had a lot of disadvantages and limitation.Obviously,the Gasoline Saving Movement was not very effective and appropriate.