贵州重点乡村旅游地农户生计适应力测度研究——以黔东南州4个村为例

Research on the Measurement of Farmers'Livelihood Adaptability of the Key Rural Tourism Destinations in Guizhou Province——A Case Study of 4 Traditional Villages in Qiandongnan

农户生计适应性是乡村旅游可持续发展及扶贫政策研究的重要议题.以黔东南州西江千户苗寨、郎德上寨、黎平肇兴侗寨和榕江三宝侗寨4个重点乡村旅游地为研究对象,运用参与式农村评估方法(PRA)、主成分分析和改进熵值法,对贵州省乡村旅游地农户生计模式和生计适应力状况进行测度分析.研究结果表明:①乡村旅游地农户生计模式主要分为5种,即旅游专营型、旅游主导型、兼业旅游型、务工为主型和务农为主型;从比重分析,务农为主型与旅游主导型处于支配地位,旅游专营型居中,兼业旅游型和务工为主型相对滞后.②乡村旅游地农户选择农旅兼营为主;农户生计适应性值处在中等水平,总体表现为一般适应,存在较大的提升和改进空间.③乡村旅游地发展扰动了民族村寨原生村落社会生态系统的稳定性,但在一定程度上促进了景区基础设施和现代服务设施建设.本研究可为乡村旅游地农户最大化获取旅游产业收益和建设美丽乡村,优化乡村旅游地社会—生态系统提供参考.

The livelihoodadaptability of farmers is an important issue in the study of rural tourism sustainable development and poverty alleviation policy.A study was made infour key rural tourism destinations in Qiandongnan(southeast Guizhou),i.e.Qianjiang QinhuMiao village,Langdeshang village,Liping Zhaoxing Dong village and Rongjiang Sanbao Dong village,in which participatory rural evaluation method(PRA),principal component analysis and improvedentropy method were used to measure and analyze the livelihood mode and livelihood adaptability of therural tourism farmers in Guizhou Province.The results identified five kinds of farmers livelihood models in theserural tourism destinations,i.e.tourism monopoly,tourism leading,part-time tourism,work-oriented and agriculture-oriented.The leading type of migrant workers and the balanced type of workers and peasants were in the dominant position,the agriculture-oriented type and tourism-oriented type are in the dominant position,the tourism monopoly type is in the middle,while the part-time tourism type and the labor-oriented type are relatively lagging behind.In rural tourism areas,farmers choose to operate both agriculture and tourism,but their livelihood adaptation value is at a medium level,which shows general adaptability,and there is a large space for improvement.The development of rural tourism disturbed the stability of the originalsocial ecosystem of the ethnic villages and promoted,to a certain extent,the development of theinfrastructure and modern service facilities in thescenic spots.