司法决策过程中的情感效应

Emotional Effect in the Process of Judicial Decision-Making

在正统司法思想中,法官一开始被假定为不存在情感感受,后来被认为存在情感感受但可以避免,再到后来逐渐意识到情感感受难以避免并且司法情感具有一定的积极意义。伴随着正统司法思想对司法情感的逐渐承认,20世纪90年代以来,诸如愤怒、厌恶、悲伤、同情等情感对于司法决策的具体影响逐渐被越来越多的心理学研究成果所证实,来自心理学的研究还探讨了情感影响司法决策的心理机制,并形成了情感信息理论、评价理论、情感渗透模型等理论模型。情感对于司法决策虽具有一定的积极意义,但多数时候是值得警惕的,从心理学研究成果来看,认知重评和理性审议可以有效地降低情感对于司法决策的不当影响。

In the orthodox judicial thought,the judge was initially assumed to have no emotions,and later was considered to have emotions but could be avoided,and then gradually realized that emotions were difficult to avoid and judicial emotions had certain positive significance.With the gradual recognition of judicial emotion by the orthodox judicial thought,the specific influences of emotions such as anger,disgust,sadness,and sympathy on judicial decision-making have been gradually confirmed by an increasing number of psychological research results since the1990 s.These studies also explore the psychological mechanism of emotional influences on judicial decision-making,and form theoretical models such as affect-as-information,appraisal theory and affect infusion model.Emotion has certain positive significances for judicial decision-making,but most of the time it is worthy of vigilance.From the perspective of psychological research results,cognitive reappraisal and rational deliberation can effectively reduce the improper influence of emotion on judicial decision-making.