德国法上人类体外胚胎的法律保护及其借鉴

Legal Protection of the Human Embryos In-Vitro-Fertilization in German Laws and Its Reference

基于人类体外胚胎徘徊于权利主体与权利客体之间的特点,经由德国法上体外胚胎法律保护规范与司法判例的整理,可知,在德国法的理论讨论上,很难明确地将体外胚胎直接归属于人或物。而在司法实践层面,就现有的案例而言,尽管承认对其相应的特殊保护,但法院的起诉与断案还是围绕物的基本判断而进行。通过中德之间的比较分析,认为尽管二者有其异同,但德国法上目前民法与其他法并行的保护模式较为全面,也值得借鉴。我国民法典在今后的完善过程中,可以先在民法典中原则性地规定有关人类体外胚胎的法律保护,再另行制定其他具体的单行法。

In light of the ambiguity of recognizing human embryos in-vitro-fertilization as subjects of rights or objects of rights,the researches of the legal protection mechanism and the judicial precedents regarding human embryos in-vitro-fertilization in German law demonstrate that,it is difficult to directly categorize human embryos in-vitro-fertilization into the scope of human beings or objects in theoretical discussions in German law.However,at the judicial practice level in German law,although the exiting precedents have acknowledged that human embryos in-vitrofertilization deserve relevant special protections,the parties’prosecution and the courts’ruling still revolve around the basic judgment of the object.Through a comparative analysis regarding this issue between PRC law and German law,this paper finds that,notwithstanding the existence of both similarities and differences between the two jurisdictions,the current parallel protection model of civil law and other laws in German law is more comprehensive,and accordingly worthy learning.Therefore,this paper suggests that,in the process of compiling and perfecting the PRC Civil Code in the future,the legal protection of human embryos in-vitrofertilization may be prescribed in principle in the PRC Civil Code,and subsequently other specific laws may be formulated separately.