生态修复量刑情节的司法适用研究——以187份长江环境资源刑事裁判文书为样本

Study on the Judicial Application of the Circumstances for Sentencing of Ecological Restoration——Taking 187 Criminal Judgment Documents on Environmental Resources in the Yangtze River as Samples

基于立法缺失所导致的合法性障碍,生态修复在长江环境资源刑事案件中常常作为量刑情节发挥作用。在各方引导下,被告人具体实施的生态修复行为较为全面地分布在行政执法、侦查、审查起诉、刑罚裁量、刑罚执行等环节之中。形式各异、层次深浅不一的生态修复行为对受损生态环境的实际影响不同,司法实践中的刑罚裁量存在精准度较低、区分化阙如等问题。本文选取187份具有代表性的裁判文书,旨在通过样本梳理,分别从规范和操作层面剖析生态修复情节司法适用过程中存在的双重障碍,提出法院在审理长江环境资源刑事案件时,应根据具体情形的需要,确立以直接修复为先,替代性修复为次、补偿型修复补充适用的修复次序,充分运用行政机关在涉刑生态修复领域的角色,将其评价纳入生态修复情节认定的前提,并在此基础上形成对生态修复模式优化的反向激励机制。

Based on the legal obstacles caused by the lack of legislation,ecological restoration often plays a role as a sentencing plot in criminal cases of the Yangtze River’s environmental resources.Under the guidance of all parties,the defendant’s specific ecological restoration activities are more comprehensively distributed in administrative enforcement,investigation,prosecution,penalty determination,penalty execution and other links.Different forms and different levels of ecological restoration behaviors have different actual impacts on the damaged ecological environment.The penalties in judicial practice have problems of the low accuracy and the lack of differentiation.This article selects 187 representative judgment documents to analyze the double obstacles in the process of the judicial application of the ecological restoration plot from the normative and operational levels through sample combing.It proposes that the court should establish a repair sequence that prioritizes direct repairs,takes repairs as the second choice,and supplements with compensation-based repairs according to specific situations.Furthermore,the court should make the full use of the role of administrative agencies in the field of criminal ecological repair,and incorporates its evaluation into the premise of ecological repair plot determination.On this basis,a reverse incentive mechanism to optimize the ecological restoration model is formed.