民法典侵权责任编:体系解读与立法评析

Systematic Interpretation and Legislative Analysis on the Part of Tort Liability in the Civil Code

民法典侵权责任编的编纂根植于中国民法学几十年的立法与司法实践经验,较好地吸收了理论研究成果,较《侵权责任法》作了较大幅度的修改,使得民法典的侵权法规范在保持法律连续性和稳定性的同时,针对新情况、新问题及时作出了妥当的立法回应。在立法技术上,其表述用词更为准确、语序更为通顺,多处细微修改彰显了精湛的立法技术。在立法理念上,一方面,扩大责任主体范围等立法修改贯彻了强化受害人权利救济的指导思想;另一方面,立法积极回应理论与实务争议难题,彰显了力求裁判统一的价值导向。此外,责任减免事由、网络侵权、用工责任、高空抛物等具体制度的立法完善,凸显了立法的务实性与前瞻性。

The compilation of the Part of Tort Liability in the Civil Code is rooted in decades of legislative and judicial practical experience to China’s civil law,and it has better absorbed the theoretical research results,making a lot of modifications thanthe Tort Law of the People’s Republic of China,which enables the tort norms to maintain a legal continuity and stability while timely responding to new situations and issues with appropriate legislation.In terms of legislative technique,the legislative expressions are more accurate and the word order is more fluent,in which most of minor modifications demonstrate superb legislative technique.In terms of legislative concepts,on the one hand,the legislative amendments,such as expanding the scope of the subject of liability,implement the guiding ideology of strengthening remedy of victims’ rights;on the other hand,the legislation actively responds to the difficult problems of theoretical and practical disputes,highlighting the value orientation of seeking judicial unity.In addition,the legislative improvement of specific systems,such as reasons for liability reduction,network infringement,employment liability,and high-rise littering,highlights the pragmatic and forward-looking nature of legislation.