论经传神学对六朝志怪的影响

A Discussion on the Confucian Classics Theology and Chih-kuai in Six Dynasties

神秘主义是儒家建立政治秩序的重要手段。汉代经传中的天人感应、祥瑞灾异、阴阳五行等理论,为六朝志怪提供了知识来源与价值支撑。通过梳理政治神学这条线索,可以看到汉代经传赋予古代“志怪”的叙事逻辑和政治价值。经学对六朝志怪的影响主要体现在三个方面:志怪袭用经传神学的故事和阐释灾异的路径;经传神学赋予“灾”“异”重要的认识价值;经传神学塑造了古代小说道德劝善与“怪力乱神”的叙事模式。儒家的政治神学赋予各类怪异以政治和学术的价值,形成了志怪小说“称述异事”“殊怪必举”的特点。后世学者如洪迈、纪昀等热衷于志怪小说,应在经史之学的知识传统中予以理解和阐释。

Mysticism is an important means for Confucianism to establish political order.The theories in the Confucian classics of Han Dynasty,such as the sensation between heaven and man,auspicious omen and disaster,yin-yang and five elements theory,provided knowledge source and value support for the novels in Six Dynasties.By combing the clue of political theology,we can know about the narrative logic and political value of mythical novels endowed by the Confucian classics of Han Dynasty.The influence of Confucian classics on the novels in Six Dynasties is mainly reflected in the following three aspects.First,the novels adopted the stories of Confucian classics theology and followed its way of explaining disaster.Second,disaster and abnormality were endowed with important cognitive values by Confucian classics theology.Third,Confucian classics theology shaped the narrative mode of moral persuasion and talking mythical things in ancient novels.The Confucian classics of Han Dynasty endowed mythical novels with political and academic value,which made the novels in Six Dynasties discuss a lot on mythical things.Later scholars,such as Hong Mai and Ji Yun,were keen on Chih-kuai,which is needed to be interpreted in the knowledge tradition of the study of classics and history.