不同集聚类型与中部地区新企业动态的关系

Relationship between Different Agglomeration Types and the Dynamics of New Enterprises in the Central Region

从企业进入、生存等视角研究中部地区1999-2007年新企业动态的时空特征,并构建计量模型检验不同集聚类型与新企业动态之间的关系,研究发现:①湖北、安徽的新企业进入规模较大,江西、河南提升明显,劳动和资本密集型新企业的空间特点相似,技术密集型主要集中在区域中心城市。1999-2007年,制造业以及不同密集型新企业的平均存活率均有较大提升,其中,河南在1999年的新企业存活率明显更高,但山西、湖北、湖南、安徽和江西在2007年的存活率明显提高。②不同集聚类型均有利于新企业进入和存活,但多样性和相关多样性集聚的正向影响比专业化集聚大。从不同产业类型看,专业化、多样性和相关多样性对技术密集型新企业进入的正向影响比非技术密集型新企业大,且相关多样性集聚更有利于技术密集型新企业的存活。③中部地区在承接转移产业的过程中,应根据区域禀赋条件引入新产业,提高区域产业多样性水平,同时应基于区域产业结构特点加强对新进企业的甄选,重点引进与本地技术相关度较高的产业。对技术密集度较高的新企业,要更加重视产业多样性、技术关联对企业进入与存活的作用。

This paper studies the temporal and spatial characteristics of the dynamic changes of new enterprises in the central cities from 1999 to 2007 from the perspectives of new enterprise entry and survival.Further,the econometric model is constructed to examine the relationship between different agglomeration types and new enterprise dynamics.The study found the following conclusions:1)New enterprises in Hubei and Anhui have a large scale of new enterprise entry,while those in Jiangxi and Henan have obvious improvement.The spatial distribution characteristics of laborintensive and capital-intensive new enterprises are similar,and the concentration of technology-intensive new enterprises is higher,mainly distributed in regional central cities.From 1999 to 2007,the average survival rate of the manufacturing industry and different intensive new enterprises has greatly improved;among them,the survival rate of new enterprises in Henan was significantly higher in 1999,while the survival rates of Shanxi,Hubei,Hunan,Anhui and Jiangxi increased significantly in 2007.2)Different types of agglomeration can promote the entry and survival of new enterprises,but the positive impact of diversity and related diversity on the entry and survival of new enterprises is greater than that of specialization.From the perspective of different industry types,specialization,diversity and related diversity have a greater positive impact on the entry of technology-intensive new enterprises than non-technology-intensive new enterprises,and the related diversity is more conducive to the survival of new technology-intensive enterprises.3)In the process of undertaking the transfer of industries,the central region should actively introduce new industries with development potential according to regional endowments and increase the level of regional industrial diversity.It is also necessary to strengthen the selection of new enterprises on the basis of the characteristics of regional industrial structure,and focus on introducing or developing industries with a high degree of relevance to local technology.For new enterprises with high technology intensity,more attention should be paid to the effects of industrial diversity and technological relatedness on enterprise entry and survival.