洞庭湖区旅游城镇化的时空分异及演化

Spatio-Temporal Difference and Evolution Mechanism of Tourism Urbanization in Dongting Lake Region

从旅游产业、城镇化和生态环境3个维度构建旅游城镇化指标体系,运用状态空间法,分析2000-2018年洞庭湖区17个县域旅游城镇化的时空分异及其演化机理。结果表明:①2000年以来洞庭湖区旅游产业指数呈现上升趋势,但是整体水平偏低;城镇化指数呈现明显快速上升态势,整体水平较高;生态环境指数大致呈"W"型变化趋势,且整体水平偏低;旅游城镇化指数不高,均值为0.3737,大致经历了3个变化阶段,基本上与城镇化指数变化一致。②城镇化指数>旅游产业指数>生态环境指数,说明旅游城镇化的发展同城镇化和旅游产业子系统具有高度协同性,与生态环境子系统具有反向性,反映出城镇化和旅游产业的快速发展给生态环境产生了强大压力,一定程度上制约了旅游城镇化指数的整体提升。③近20年来洞庭湖区旅游城镇化发展的空间差异明显,旅游产业指数和城镇化指数的空间分布格局表现为湖区中部县域较低,外围县域相对较高,基本上形成以岳阳市区、常德市区和益阳市区3个县域为中心的环带状分布。生态环境指数的地域分布格局表现为湖区中部县域明显高于外围县域,基本上形成以沅江市和南县2个县域为中心的环带状分布。旅游城镇化指数的空间分布格局与城镇化指数、旅游产业指数的格局基本相似,与生态环境指数的格局基本相反。④旅游资源禀赋、交通区位条件、城市发展历史和基础、区域经济发展水平、区域发展战略及政府政策等是驱使旅游城镇化时空格局演化的主要影响因素。

The index system of tourism urbanization is constructed from three levels of tourism industry,urbanization and ecological environment.The state-space technique is used to analyze the spatio-temporal difference and evolution mechanism of tourism urbanization of 17 counties in Dongting Lake region from 2000 to 2018.The results show that:1)The tourism industry index shows an increasing trend since 2000,but the overall level is low.The urbanization level is an obvious and rapid increase,the overall level is relatively high.The ecological environment index fluctuates shaped"W"with the low overall level.The tourism urbanization index is also low with a mean of 0.3737,and the evolution trend has undergone roughly three stages,changing consistently with urbanization index.2)The urbanization index is higher than tourism industry and ecological environment,which shows that the development of tourism urbanization has synergistic effects with urbanization and tourism industry subsystem,which has a negative correlation with ecological environment subsystem under the interaction of the three systems.This indicates that rapid development of urbanization and tourism industry have created the formidable pressure to the ecological environment and hampered the integral promotion of tourism urbanization index to some extent.3)The spatial difference of tourism urbanization of 17 counties in Dongting Lake region is distinct during 20 years.The tourism industry and urbanization index of counties in the middle Dongting Lake region are low,and the peripheral are relatively high,which generally distributes in annuluses centered on Yueyang city,Changde city and Yiyang city by the spatial distribution pattern.The ecological environment index of counties in the middle of Dongting Lake region are apparently higher than peripheral counties,which generally distributes in annuluses centered on Yuanjiang city and Nanxian city.The spatial distribution pattern of tourism urbanization index is basically similar to the pattern of tourism industry and urbanization,and it is nearly opposite to the pattern of ecological environment index.4)The influencing factors that drive spatio-temporal evolution of tourism urbanization is diversified including the opulent tourist resources,the advantageous traffic and location conditions,the urban development history and foundation,the regional economic development level,the regional development strategy and government policy.