个人破产立法的英国经验与启示

Experience and Enlightenment of British Individual Insolvency Legislation

个人破产制度与企业破产制度相辅相成,共同服务于市场经济体制改革和营商环境优化建设。英国在四百多年的立法演进中逐步确立了包含集体清偿、按比例分配、破产免责等基本要素的现代个人破产制度,强调在债务人、债权人和社会利益之间寻找平衡,确立自动免责机制为诚实而不幸的债务人提供重新开始的机会,并在政府部门与司法机关间进行个人破产管理的合理分工,注重培育既能充分竞争又受到严格监管的破产服务市场。我国应当尽快启动个人破产立法进程,在立法理念与立法模式、破产免责与打击逃废债务、破产管理体制与行业监管等方面学习域外先进经验,建立起科学合理的个人破产制度。

The individual insolvency system and the enterprise insolvency system complement each other and jointly serve the reform of market economy and the optimization of the business environment.In the more than four hundred years of evolution of legislation,Britain has gradually established a mature modern individual insolvency system which consists of three core elements such as collective liquidation,pari passu and discharge mechanism,focuses on finding a balance between the debtor and creditors and the social interests.The automatic discharge mechanism provides the honesty and unfortunate debtor an fresh start.The government departments perform the statutory duties in the administration of insolvencies cooperating with the courts and pay attention to cultivate sufficient competition of the insolvency professional services market.China should start the legislation process of individual insolvency as soon as possible and research other countries’good practice concerning about the legislative concept and legislative mode,bankruptcy discharge and fighting against evasive and invalid debts,administration system and industrial supervision,so as to establish a scientific and reasonable individual insolvency system.