明清时期嘉兴府祠庙初探

A Primary Exploration of Ancestral Halls in Jiaxing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期嘉兴府祠庙的建设历经几百年,按历代《嘉兴府志》中记载,每个时段祠庙的数量逐渐增多,国家、地方官员与士绅、百姓都重视祠庙的建设。国家出于维护社会秩序的需要,百姓为了求得心理安慰以及满足日常生活需求,这使得嘉兴府祠庙在明清时期被广泛建设。曹王庙和陆清献公祠两类典型祠庙的建设及其影响,表明了民间信仰的形成与基层社会文化的构建离不开国家意识形态的深入、地方官员的影响以及百姓的积极参与,是国家加强对基层社会控制的重要方式之一。

The construction of ancestral halls in Jiaxing in the Ming and Qing dynasties lasted for several hundred years.According to The Local Chronicles of Jiaxing during this period,the number of ancestral halls gradually increased at each stage,and the court,local officials,gentry and common people all attached importance to their building.The authority s need to maintain social order and common people s requirement for mental consolation and fulfillment of daily needs promoted their extensive construction.The building and the influence of the two typical kinds of halls,Caowang Temple and Lu Qingxian Hall,show that the formation of folk belief and the construction of grassroots social culture is related to the dissemination of national ideology,the influence from local officials,and the active participation of common people,and is one of the important ways for the authority to strengthen its control of the substrate.