反不正当竞争法中的商业道德研究

The Commercial Ethic in Anti-unfair Competition Act

当前学界和司法实践中对商业道德的内涵存在认识不清的问题,需要明确商业道德和社会公德的区别。将商业道德理解为特殊的社会公德有其比较法的根源,但已无比较法的根基。社会公德背后的公序良俗原则是一种行为效力规则,体现的是国家对行为内容的主动审查,而商业道德背后的诚实信用原则是一种行为规制的规则,其体现的是国家对行为本身的审查,给市场主体确立了行为标准,以实现市场经济的效率和公平。是否违反商业道德的评判标准不在于行为人的主观动机,而在于其客观行为。法律意义上的商业道德完全是基于经济理性,和社会公德没有必然关系,其体现的是一种客观的秩序,“公认”一词对其并没有限定作用。

There is confusion between commercial ethic and social morality.The courts in China began to reverse the holdings in their previous judgments and gradually clarified the relationship between commercial ethic and social morality.The theories perceiving commercial ethic as a special social morality have an origin in comparative law.However,the foundation in comparative law was abolished.The principle of public order and good custom behind the social morality is a rule determining effectiveness of legal action,which embodies the active examination of the content of action by the state,while the principle of good faith behind the commercial ethic is a rule for act regulation,which embodies the examination of the behavior by the state and imposes standard of action on the parties in the market to fulfill the goal of efficiency and justice in market.Commercial ethic has no connection with the actor’s subjectivity.It focuses on the actor’s behavior.Commercial ethic reflects an objective order which has no historical inheritance relationship with social morality.The word“generally accepted”has no effect for limiting meaning of commercial ethic.