农村集体资产股权质押制度构建

Construction of the Pledge of Equity of Rural Collective Assets

农村集体资产股权质押与公司股权质押相比具有特殊性,集体资产股权所属的集体经济组织作为《民法总则》规定的特别法人,也具有不同于营利法人的特殊性,使得集体资产股权质押无法完全适用有关公司股权质押的现有规定。在当前集体经济组织立法和集体资产股权质押立法双重缺失的情况下,集体资产股权质押制度的构建需要立足于试点地区的探索实践,分析地方规范性文件中的相关规定在质权的设立、效力以及实现方式等方面存在的法律问题,通过规范质押登记、明确质押双方的权利义务,以及在坚持集体土地所有权、区分集体土地股和非土地股、本集体成员股和非本集体成员股的基础上完善质押权的实现规则等方式,规范集体资产股权质押行为。

The pledge of equity of rural collective assets has its own particularity compared with the pledge of equity of the company.As a special legal person stipulated in the General Principles of Civil Law,the collective economic organization to which the collective asset equity belongs also has its own particularity different from the profit-making legal person,which makes the pledge of equity of rural collective assets unable to fully apply the existing provisions on the pledge of company equity.In the absence of the current collective economic organization legislation and collective asset equity pledge legislation,the construction of the pledge system of collective assets equity needs to be based on the exploration and practice in the pilot area,analyze the legal issues existing in the establishment,validity and implementation of the pledges in the relevant provisions in local normative documents,and standardize the pledge behavior of the collective asset equity by standardizing the registration of pledges,clarifying the rights and obligations of both parties to the pledge,and improving the rules for the realization of pledge rights on the basis of adhering to collective land ownership,distinguishing between collective land shares and non-land shares,the collective member shares and non-member of the collective shares.