麻山苗族史诗《亚鲁王》宇宙观探幽

Research on the Cosmology of the Mashan Miao Epic——King of Yalu

《亚鲁王》是一部苗族英雄史诗,多唱诵于丧葬场所。史诗涉及天地形成、人类起源、文化发明、战争迁徙等内容,建构了“勒咚”世界、天界及地界。天是人类世界的超越性显现,地是人类实践的对象世界;“勒咚”是人类建构的世界,昭示了人类的起源始祖、人类社会、文化乃至灵魂的结构性显现与互为表征。苗族先民从生命经验出发,将人类的生命化归于宇宙万物之中,与宇宙齐一,会通天地,达到神、人、灵的三维和合,进而构建了兼具真善美价值的宇宙体系,体现了圆融和谐的宇宙精神。

King of Yalu is a Miao epic,which is often sung in funeral sites.It concerns the formation of the world,the origin of human,cultural invention,war migration and so forth,and constructs the“Ledong”world,heaven and earth.Heaven is the transcendental manifestation of human world and earth is the object world of human practice.Ledong is a world constructed by human beings,which indicates the origin of human,human society,culture and even the structural manifestation of soul.According to their life experience,the Miao ancestors attributed human life to the universe,which connected God,spirit,and human being,and reached the three-dimensional harmony.The universe system had the value of truth,goodness and beauty,reflecting the spirit of uniform and harmony.