主要农作物lncRNA鉴定与分析研究进展

Research Progress on Identification and Analysis of lncRNA in Major Crops

随着基因组和生物信息学技术的进步,特别是高通量测序技术的发展,人们发现了许多没有蛋白质编码潜力的转录单位。其中,长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)是一种长度大于200 nt的非编码RNA,有着独特的二级结构且不编码蛋白质,lncRNAs可以在核内发挥作用,也可以在细胞质中发挥作用。大量的证据表明,lncRNAs几乎是每个细胞过程的调节器,其重要性引起了越来越多的人关注。lncRNAs主要与mRNA、DNA、蛋白质和miRNA相互作用,从而以多种方式在表观遗传、转录、转录后、翻译和翻译后水平调控基因表达。lncRNAs介导的调控在动物中已经被大量研究,而植物中的lncRNAs研究才刚刚起步,近期许多新的研究结果表明,lncRNAs在植物逆境胁迫、生长发育及系统进化的过程中起了非常重要的作用。概述了lncRNAs的来源、分类及lncRNAs在植物发育中的调控机制,列举了可用于植物lncRNAs分析的主要数据库资源,并就近年来玉米、水稻、小麦等主要农作物lncRNAs研究情况进行了梳理和总结,为今后深入挖掘植物lncRNAs的作用机制及其在农作物中的应用提供一定的参考。

With the advances in genomics and bioinformatics techniques,particularly high-throughput sequencing technology,many transcriptional units without protein-coding potential have been discovered.Among them,long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are non-coding RNAs that are longer than 200 nt in length,which have unique secondary structures and do not encode proteins.lncRNAs can function in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments.A lot of evidence shows that more and more people have put great attention to the importance of lncRNAs as they are regarded as regulators of almost every cellular process.LncRNAs primarily interact with mRNA,DNA,protein,and miRNA and consequently regulate gene expression at the epigenetic,transcriptional,post-transcriptional,translational,and post-translational levels in may ways.LncRNAs-mediated regulation in animals has been extensively studied,while the research on lncRNAs in plants is just beginning.Recently,many new research results have shown that lncRNAs play a very important role in the process of plant stress, growth and system evolution. This article mainly summarizes the source and classification of lncRNAs and the regulatorymechanism of lncRNAs in plant development, and lists the main database resources that can be used for the analysis of plantlncRNAs. In addition, the research situation of lncRNAs in major crops such as corn, rice and wheat are summarized to providea certain reference for future exploration on the mechanism of plant lncRNAs and its application in crops.