疏花疏果和硒处理对龙眼果实采收品质与贮藏性的影响

Effects of Flower-and-Fruit Thinning Combined with Selenium Supplementation on the Harvest Quality and Postharvest Storability of Longan Fruit

【目的】探讨采前疏花疏果对龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)果实采收品质与采后贮藏性的影响,以及补施硒肥的增效作用。【方法】以石硖龙眼为材料,设无疏花疏果对照(A)、疏花疏果(B)、疏花疏果+硒肥(C)3个处理,3个区组,比较各处理与区组间果实采收品质和采后5℃低温贮藏的效果。【结果】采收时,处理B果实单果质量、大小、外观色度品质和果肉TSS含量分别比对照提高19.66%、7.54%、-7.24%(a*值)和8.62%;处理C增效作用不明显,但果实采收品质依然优于对照。贮藏后,处理B显著提高了果实贮藏性,贮藏35 d果皮褐变指数和贮藏51 d果肉自溶指数分别比对照降低28.26%和71.67%,而处理C增效作用不明显。贮藏期间,处理B果实保持了较好的外观品质,偏黄绿色,处理C果实偏褐色,而对照偏暗褐色。多元方差分析结果表明,不同处理多变量检验结果表现显著,是影响果实采收品质与贮藏效果的主要因素;区组间无差异。处理方式影响显著的指标有褐变指数、自溶指数、低温b*值和单果质量;区组影响显著的指标有低温b*值和C*值。【结论】疏花疏果处理效果最好,补硒处理在一定程度上降低了果实采收品质与贮藏性,但差异不显著;区组设置不影响处理间果实的贮藏性与内外品质差异。疏花疏果是提高龙眼果实采收与贮藏品质的一项重要措施。

【Objective】The study was to investigate the effects of preharvest flower-and-fruit thinning on the harvest quality and postharvest storability of longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)fruit,and the synergistic effect of selenium(Se)supplementation on it.【Methods】With Longan fruit cv.Shixia as the material,3 treatments were designed:control(TR-A,no thinning),flower-and-fruit thinning(TR-B),TR-B plus Se-fertilizer treatment(TR-C),and 3 blocks were repeated.The fruit harvest quality among different treatments and blocks and postharvest storability at 5℃were compared.【Results】At harvest,for the longan fruits treated with thinning(TR-B),the single fruit mass,size,apparent chroma quality and TSS content of longan fruit i ncreased by 19.66%,7.54%,-7.24%(a*value)and 8.62%,respectively.The fruit harvest quality of TR-C was better than that of the control(TR-A),but its synergistic effect was not obvious.After storage,TR-B significantly improved the sto rability of longan fruit stored at 5℃(P<0.05),featured with pericarp browning index(35 d)and pulp autolysis index(51 d)decreasing by 28.26%and 71.67%,respectively.However,the synergistic effect of TR-C was not obvious.During storage,TR-B fruit maintained better appearance quality with more yellowish green,TR-C tended to be brown,while TR-A tended to be dark brown.The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the storability of longan fruit among different treatments was significant with P=0.016,0.032 and 0.002 below 0.05 resulted from three multivariable tests,while not significant between 3 blocks.The indicators with significant effects between treatments included pericarp browning index,pulp autolys is index,b*value during storage and single fruit mass;and the indicators with significant effects between blocks included b*value and C*value during storage.【Conclusion】The effect of flower-and-fruit thinning on the harvest quality and storability of longan fruit was the best,but the synergistic effect of Se-supplement treatment was not obvious,and block setting had no significant impact on the fruit properties with different treatments.So,flower-and-fruit thinning is an important measure to improve the harvest and storage quality of longan fruit.