含氯消毒剂的应用及其对水环境的影响

Application of Chlorine-containing Disinfectants and Their Influence on Water Environment

2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情逐渐在全国爆发。医院、公共场所及家庭等必须加强消毒,含氯消毒剂在疫情防控中发挥了重要作用。但大量粗放地使用也可能给环境和生态带来严峻挑战。本文综述3种主流含氯消毒剂(氯气、二氧化氯及次氯酸钠)的产生与发展过程及其消毒原理,总结含氯消毒剂的应用场景和方法,介绍有效氯和余氯这两个使用含氯消毒剂的关键性指标,分析含氯消毒剂的使用对水环境可能产生的影响,最后提出在水环境领域使用含氯消毒剂的建议与展望。

Since December 2019,the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)epidemic has gradually broken out across China.The chlorine-containing disinfectants play an important role in the prevention and control of the epidemic,but their overuse may al⁃so bring serious challenges to the environment and ecology.In this paper,the origin,development and disinfection principle of three main chlorine-containing disinfectants(chlorine,chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite)were reviewed,and their applica⁃tions were summarized.Two key indexes of chlorine-containing disinfectants,the effective chlorine and residual chlorine,were in⁃troduced,and their possible influence on water environment was analyzed.Finally,some suggestions and prospects were put for⁃ward for the use of the chlorine-containing disinfectants in water environment.