集体所有制视野下承包地退出制度及其改革困境研究

Study on the Withdrawal System and Reform Dilemma of Contracted Land from the Perspective of Collective Ownership

承包地退出是一项重要的土地制度改革,需要在集体所有制视野下进行理解。在家庭承包经营制度改革初期,我国在集体土地制度基础上形成了组织化的承包地退出路径,集体经济组织在土地调整实践中将已经市民化农民的土地调整给普通农民使用,在不影响社会稳定的前提下提高了土地资源配置效率。承包地的组织化调控可以促进农村人口随着城市化推进而减少,有利于村社共同体的发展和城乡一体化的实现。目前正在推行的承包地自愿有偿退出制度改革形成了个体化承包地退出路径,弱化了集体所有制,不仅影响农村社会稳定,而且使得已经市民化农民的承包地难以退出,有可能阻碍城乡社会发展。我国农村土地制度改革应坚持集体土地制度,将承包地退出作为公共政策,恢复组织化的承包地退出路径,在提高资源配置效率的同时推进城乡社会现代化转型。

The withdrawal of contracted land is an important land system reform,which needs to be understood from the perspective of collective ownership.In the early days of family contract management system reform,on the basis of the collective land system,China has established an organized way to withdraw the contracted land,in the practice of land adjustment,collective economic organizations have adjusted the land of civilized farmers to ordinary farmers,which has improved the efficiency of land resource allocation without affecting social stability.The organized control of contracted land can promote the reduction of the rural population with the advancement of urbanization,which is conducive to the development of the village community and the realization of urban-rural integration.The ongoing reform of the voluntary paid exit system for contracted land has formed an individual contracted land exit path and weakened the collective ownership.This not only affects rural social stability,but also makes it difficult for civilized farmers to withdraw from contracted land,which may hinder urban and rural social development.The reform of the rural land system in China should adhere to the collective land system,take the withdrawal of contracted land as a public policy,restore the organized exit path of contracted land,and promote the transformation of urban and rural social modernization while improving the efficiency of resource allocation.