中国农业家庭经营的代际传递:基本逻辑与现实研判

The Intergenerational Transfer of Chinese Agricultural Family Management:Basic Logic and Reality Judgment

农业家庭经营形态在世界范围内普遍存在,促进农业家庭经营平稳而有效的代际传递是实现农业可持续发展的基础和高效发展的重要保障。国外学者对该现象和问题关注较早并已形成系统性研究成果,比较而言,中国家庭联产承包责任制确立后,在法律制度逐渐完善和土地要素市场化进程大幅推进的背景下,农业家庭经营形态逐步稳定,代际传递问题成为一种客观实践的需要并被国内学者关注。本文基于中国土地产权制度框架提出农业家庭周期演变的阶段性特征和农业家庭经营代际传递的一般规律。研究认为:农业家庭经营的代际传递是家庭生命周期规律的逻辑必然。农业家庭经营代际传递包括正式制度下的有形资源传递与非正式制度下的无形资源传递,影响农业家庭经营代际传递的现实因素众多,其中大多数通过农业家庭经营的在任者数量和质量、继任者数量和质量以及代际传递环境三个方面产生影响。中国农业家庭经营代际传递的客观性日益凸显,对该问题进行研究的紧迫性不断增强。最后,对未来中国农业家庭经营的形态演变和代际传递趋势进行展望。

Agricultural family management is widespread in the world.Promoting the stable and effective intergenerational transfer of agricultural family management is the basis for achieving sustainable agricultural development and an important guarantee for efficient development.Foreign scholars have paid attention to this phenomenon earlier and have formed systematic research results.In comparison,after the establishment of the household contract responsibility system in China,under the background of the gradual improvement of the legal system and the significant advancement of the marketization of land elements,agricultural household management form has gradually stabilized,and the issue of intergenerational transfer has become an objective practice which need to be concerned by domestic scholars.This paper proposes the stage characteristics of the evolution of the agricultural family cycle and the general law of the intergenerational transmission of agricultural family management within the framework of the land property rights system in China.The study believes that the intergenerational transmission of agricultural family management is a logical necessity of the law of family life cycle.The intergenerational transmission of agricultural family management includes the transmission of tangible resources under the formal system and the transmission of intangible resources under the informal system.There are many practical factors that affect the intergenerational transmission of agricultural family management,most of which have an impact through the three aspects of the number and quality of incumbents,the number and quality of successors,and the intergenerational delivery environment of agricultural family management.The objectivity of intergenerational transmission of Chinese agricultural family management has become increasingly prominent,and the urgency of research on this issue has continued to increase.Finally,this article looks forward to the future evolution of China's agricultural family management and the trend of intergenerational transmission.