美国技术扩散速度放缓:表现、成因及经济后果

The Slowdown in Technology Diffusion in the United States:Performance,Causes and Economic Consequences

近十余年来,在美国经济增长中出现了一个令人困惑的悖论:新的技术发明持续不断地涌现,但生产率增长却越来越缓慢。导致上述悖论的主要原因是新技术在经济体中的扩散速度持续放缓。本文发现,新企业进入壁垒的持续抬升、超大型企业的日渐强势,以及政府反垄断政策的孱弱,共同导致小企业在经济网络中日益边缘化,而大企业则成为创新主体;这些因素也使得技术变革的涓流难以均匀地从创新巨头渗透到小企业当中,从而令技术扩散进程受阻。除了导致生产率增长乏力之外,技术扩散放缓也是美国市场集中度增加和收入分配恶化的重要诱因。本文给我国带来的政策启示是:要冷静面对发达国家的技术封锁政策,着力构建以激发企业家创新活力和保护知识产权为核心的创新机制,并以公平竞争的方式促进技术扩散,切实把自己的事情做好。

In the past more than a decade,a confusing paradox has emerged in the United States economy:new technological inventions have continued to emerge,but productivity growth has slowed significantly.The main reason for the above paradox is the slowdown in the diffusion of technological innovation in the economy.The paper shows that the continuous rise in barriers to entry for new enterprises,the growing strength of very large enterprises,and the weakness of government antitrust policies have led to the increasingly marginalization of small businesses in the economic network,and large companies have gradually become the mainstay of innovation in the economy;These factors also make it difficult for the trickle of technological change to penetrate uniformly from innovative giants to small enterprises,thus hindering the diffusion of technology.In addition to the sluggish productivity growth caused by the slowdown in technology diffusion,it is also an important inducement for increased market concentration and worsened income distribution.The policy enlightenment this paper brings to our country is to calmly face the various technological blockade policies used by developed countries in the tide of anti-globalization,and strive to build an innovation mechanism focused on stimulating entrepreneurial innovation and protecting intellectual property rights,therefore promote the diffusion of technology in a fair competition way,and run our own affairs well.