聘任制语境下高校青年教师学术职业困境与制度变革路径——新制度主义视角

Difficulties of academic professions of young faculty and institutional reform paths in the context of the appointment system:the perspective of new institutionalism

高校青年教师作为学术新生代力量,往往被视为组织学术绩效的重要达成者,也是聘任制改革的主要制度对象。文章从新制度主义经典理论出发,将高校青年教师学术职业放在聘任制改革语境下予以考察,旨在透视造成其学术职业困境的制度性根源。随着聘任制改革的持续深入推进,高校青年教师学术职业的诸多困境不断显现:聘任制改革冲击了传统意义上的“单位人”身份,忽视路径依赖,学术职业的诸多传统特征发生改变;“委托-代理”式的典型学术契约关系抑制了青年教师的行动空间,追求学术绩效和进行职业竞争成为青年教师学术职业的常态;青年教师的行为和心理图式发生偏轨,异化现象横亘于其学术职业进程之中。为了实现聘任制改革的应然旨归,未来新制度主义视角下的聘任制改革应遵循以下变革路径:剔除管理本位主义,遵循学术职业的内在规律;强化制度理性,彰显人本化的改革取向;塑造基层学术组织文化,提升学科治理水平。

As a new generation of academic forces,young faculty are often regarded as important achievers of organizational academic performance and also main institutional objects of the appointment system reform.Starting from the classical theory of new institutionalism,this paper examines academic professions of young faculty in the context of the appointment system reform,in order to see through the institutional root of the plight of young faculty's academic professions.With the continuous deepening of the reform of the appointment system,many difficulties of academic professions of young faculty are highlighted.The reform of the appointment system impacts the traditional identity of the"unit person"and ignores path dependence,and many traditional characteristics of academic professions of young faculty are changed.The"principal-agent"typical academic contract relationship restrains the action space of young faculty,pursuing academic performance and career competition become normal in young faculty's academic professions.The alienation phenomenon exists in the process of young faculty's academic professional behavior and psychological schema.The reform of the appointment system from the perspective of new institutionalism should follow the internal law of academic professions,strengthen the institutional rationality and highlight the reform's people orientation,and build the culture of grassroots academic organizations and improve the level of discipline governance,so as to realize the purpose of the reform of the appointment system.