新中国基础教育教师评价政策的演进历程与未来走向

The Evolution and Future Trend of the Evaluation Policy forElementary Education Teachers in New China

教师评价政策的制定和实施,是教师队伍建设的重要组成部分。新中国成立之初,我国基础教育教师评价的重点在于教师的政治、文化、业务水平。改革开放初的教师评价则以恢复新中国成立之初教师评价的内容、制度为主要方式,恢复尊重教师的观念。改革开放以后,国家以教师资格制度严把入口关,以教师定期评价加强过程管理,以教师职称制度建立职业通道,形成教师评价的三角支撑。70年来,我国基础教育教师评价的标准从单一走向多元化,评价功能由外部监管向内部激励转变,评价方法呈现民主化、多样化和专业化特征。新时代基础教育教师评价的走向:在评价目的上,应指向把握教师基本情况和促进教师发展;在评价内容上,要评教师是否具备“四有”;在评价方式上,应致力于构建专业的、科学的评价机制。

The formulation and implementation of teacher evaluation policy is an important part of the construction of the teaching staff.At the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the focus of teacher evaluation in elementary education was on their political,cultural and professional levels.At the beginning of the reform and opening-up,the main way of teacher evaluation was to restore the content and system of teacher evaluation at the beginning of the founding of new China,and restore the concept of respecting teachers.Since the reform and opening-up,the state has strictly controlled the entrance with the teacher qualification system,strengthened the process management with the regular evaluation of teachers,established the professional channels with the teacher title system,thus forming the“triangular support”of the teacher evaluation.In the past 70 years,the standards of the teacher evaluation in China have become more diversified,the evaluation function has changed from the external supervision to the internal incentive,and the evaluation methods have been characterized by democratization,diversification and specialization.The trend of elementary education teacher evaluation in the new era ought to be:in the purpose of evaluation,it should aim at grasping the basic situation of teachers and promote teacher development;in the content of evaluation,it should be evaluated whether teachers possess the“four qualities”;and in the methods of evaluation,it should be committed to forming an evaluation mechanism of communication and cooperation.