中国工业用地出让价格空间格局及影响因素

Research on the Spatial Layout of and Factors Affecting the Price of Industrial Land in China

在财政分权和地方竞争的制度背景下,地方政府为了吸引更多企业投资,往往采取过量供应工业用地、压低工业用地价格的手段,直接导致了中国工业用地利用效率低下,甚至资源严重浪费等问题。合理调控工业用地供应规模及价格,发挥市场机制对工业用地出让价格的主导作用,是促进工业用地集约高效利用的重要途径。本文以工业用地出让价格为研究对象,利用2009、2011、2013、2015、2017年全国工业用地出让数据,采用分层模型,结合宏观和微观尺度,实证分析了中国工业用地出让价格的空间格局及关键影响因素。实证研究发现:①我国不同区域的工业地价差异较大,政府的干预能力显著影响城市工业用地的出让价格,在控制其他影响因素下,干预能力越强,工业用地出让价格越低;②宗地层面的因素中,距离城市中心或水源越近、交通通达度越好,工业用地的出让价格越高;③城市层面的因素中,人口数量越多,经济发展水平越高,工业用地的出让价格越高。本研究首次将分层模型引入实证计量方法,同时验证了影响工业用地出让价格的宏观与微观因素,是对现有工业用地出让价格研究文献的补充与延伸。

In the context of fiscal decentralization and local competition,local government in China usually adopts means of supplying excessive industrial land and lowering the transfer price of industrial land,in order to attract more investment from enterprises.These measures could directly lead to lots of problems,such as inefficient use of industrial land and even serious waste.Regulating the scale of industrial land supply and giving play to the market's guiding role in the transfer price of industrial land are important ways to promote the intensive and efficient use of industrial land.This paper takes the transfer price of industrial land as the research object,and uses the national industrial land transfer data in 2009,2011,2013,2015,and 2017.Considering that the sample contains both macro and micro level information,this paper uses a hierarchical regression model to empirically analyze the spatial pattern of the transfer price of industrial land and its key affecting factors.The empirical research finds that:(1)Industrial land price in different regions of China have large differences and the government's ability to intervene can significantly affect the transfer price of urban industrial land.By controlling other factors,the stronger the local government's intervention ability,the lower the transfer price of industrial land in the region;(2)At the parcel level,the closer the industrial land is to the city center,the more developed the transport on this plot,or the closer the industrial land is to the water source,the higher the transfer price of the industrial land tends to be;(3)At the city level,the larger population of the city where the industrial land is located often means a higher level of economic development.Thus,the transfer price of the industrial land tends to be higher.This study introduces a layered model into the econometric model for the first time,and uses the premium rate of industrial land transfer(that is,the comparison of the price of industrial land transfer with the"lowest price standard")to characterize the behavior of local government industrial land transfer.At the same time,this article verifies the macro and micro factors that affect the price of industrial land transfer at the national level rather than at the city or province level.Therefore,this study supplements and extends the existing literature from multiple aspects.