不同养老模式对老年人生命质量的影响分析

Analysis of the Effect of Different Pension Models on the Quality of Life of the Elderly

目的了解四川省崇州市老年人的生命质量,并分析不同养老模式及综合能力对生命质量的影响。方法采用横断面调查方法,分层整群随机抽取四川省崇州市三种不同养老模式下的115名老年人作为研究对象,使用生命质量量表(SF-36)评估老年人的躯体与精神状况,使用能力评估量表对老年人的综合能力进行分级,采用卡方检验分析不同人口学特征、不同养老方式及不同能力状况的老年人生命质量的差异。结果居家非独居的老年人躯体健康明显高于居家独居和机构居住的老年人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别、年龄、文化程度、宗教信仰对躯体健康的影响差异无统计学意义;来自社区的老年人躯体健康高的比例明显高于来自医疗机构和养老机构的老年人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);综合能力较高的老年人躯体健康高的比例明显高于综合能力较低的老年人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。性别、年龄、文化程度、宗教信仰、居住情况对精神健康的影响差异均无统计学意义;不同养老方式对精神健康的影响差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05),老年人综合能力对精神健康的影响差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05)。结论针对不同的养老模式与老年人能力提供医疗服务,有利于提高老年人的躯体健康水平,改善其生命质量。

Objective To understand the quality of life of the elderly in Chongzhou city,Sichuan province,and ana-lyze the impact of different pension models and comprehensive abilities on quality of life.Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used.115 elderly people under 3 different pension models in Shengchong city,Sichuan province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling.The quality of life scale(SF-36)was used to assess the physical and mental status and ability of the elderly.The competency evaluation scale assessed the comprehensive ability of the elderly.Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the quality of life of the elderly with different demographic characteristics,different pension methods and different ability status.Results The physical health of the elderly living at home with others was significantly higher than that of the elderly living alone or living in pension institutions,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistical significant difference in the effects of gender,age,education,and religious belief on the quality of life and physical health.The rate of the el-derly with high physical health for those from the community was significantly higher than that of the elderly from medical institutions and pension institutions,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The rate of the elderly with high physical health for those higher comprehensive ability was significantly higher than that of the elderly of lower comprehensive ability,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Gender,age,education,religious beliefs,and living conditions had no statistically significant effect on quality of life and mental health.There is no statistically significant difference in the effect of different pension models on quality of life and mental health(P≥0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the effect of elderly comprehensive ability on quality of life and mental health(P≥0.05).Conclusion Providing medical services according to different pension models and the ability of the elderly is conducive to improving the physical health of the elderly and improving the quality of life.