印度独立初期的双语政策实施、特征与评述

The Implementation, Characteristics and Comments ofthe Bilingual Policy in the Early Period of Indian Independence

独立后的印度民族在结束了英殖民的统治后迎来了新的问题,即民族语言的选择与推广。语言是一种团结民族的利器,因此制定语言政策成为印度的一项使命,印度需要选择一种能代表国家形象的民族语言。印度的双语政策是由独立后的单语政策发展而来,印度长期多民族多语言的原生态构成和动荡复杂的国内大环境使英语取得了与印地语长期并存的官方语言地位。双语政策的实施体现了去殖民化和单语政策的挫败,复杂的印度社会也只能以印地语和英语为中心的双语政策来调和语言矛盾,但也为后来更成熟的三语政策奠定了坚实的基础。

After independence,the Indian nation was confronted with a new problem,namely the choosing and promoting of the national language.Language is a weapon to unite the nation,so to formulate a language policy has become a mission after the foundation.India needs to choose a national language that can represent the image of the country.The bilingual policy in India was developed on the base of the monolingual policy after dependence.English has acquired official language status as well as Hindi because of Indian long-term original multi-ethnic and multi-lingual ecology and also the turbulent and complicated domestic environment.English co-exists with Hindi since then.The implementation of the bilingual policy reflects the frustration of the vision of de-colonization and failure of former monolingual policies.The complex Indian society can only be reconciled with the bilingual policies constituted by Hindi and English.What’s more,it has laid the solid foundation for three-language formu⁃la later.