元代经济伦理思想的历史特质与价值

The Historical Characteristics and Value of the Thoughts of Economic Ethics in the Yuan Dynasty

元代是一个特殊的历史时期,游牧统治者“起于内不足”的商业精神、务实作风和传统儒士社会地位的下沉,使元代的社会基础和经济伦理关系发生了巨大变化。传统儒学、蒙古文化和西域文化作为农耕文化、游牧文化和商业文化的代表碰撞交融,形成了这一时期的多元文化面相,并间接作用于元代的经济伦理思想,使其表现出明显的“致用”倾向和“务实”特征。围绕经济伦理的核心——“义”与“利”、“本”与“末”等关系问题,元代的思想亦发生转变。“利”和“欲”的合理性在现实中得以证明,并被赋予了“义”或“理”的意义;“末”业进一步冲破传统重“本”思想的压制,被统治者大力推崇,并被理学家视作“亦有可为”。经世致用的义利观和农商并重的本末观,成就了这一时期独具特色的经济伦理思想,并充分展现其历史特质与价值。

Yuan Dynasty was a special historical period.The business spirit,pragmatic style of the nomadic rulers and the sinking of the traditional Confucian social status caused great changes in the social foundation and economic ethical relations.As the representatives of farming culture,nomadic culture and commercial culture,traditional Confucianism,Mongolian culture and Western culture collided and fused,forming the multi-cultural characteristics of this period,and indirectly acting on the economic ethical thoughts of the Yuan Dynasty,making them show obvious applied and practical characteristics.Around the core of economic ethics-justice and benefit,fundamental and incidental,the thoughts of Yuan Dynasty also changed:the rationality of benefit and desire was proved in reality,and was given the meaning of justice or reason;the incidental commerce broke through the suppression of traditional fundamental agriculture,was highly praised by the rulers,and was also considered reasonable by Neo Confucianism.The concept of justice and benefit which was practical to the world,and the concept of fundamental and incidental which attached importance to both agriculture and commerce,had achieved the unique economic ethical thoughts in this period and fully demonstrated their historical characteristics and value.