地理学视角下的中国乡村贫困——源起、进展与展望

Rural poverty in China from the perspective of geography: Origin, progress, and prospect

乡村贫困一直是困扰中国的现实难题之一,消除贫困是全面建成小康社会以及乡村振兴战略顺利实施的基础。一直以来,乡村贫困是经济学、社会学、政治学、心理学等不同学科高度重视的问题,相关研究成果日趋增多,但对乡村贫困空间表达较弱。地理学具有空间格局研究的优势,近年来其对乡村贫困的研究较为活跃,重点关注乡村贫困的源起、空间分布、地理特征等内容,与其他学科有极强的互补性。论文梳理了地理学乡村贫困的相关研究成果,对其内涵与标准、测度与空间格局、影响因素与发生机理、反贫困策略等研究进行归纳总结与综合评述,探讨已有研究存在的主要问题与未来研究方向的发展趋势,为深入开展本领域研究提供参考。

Rural poverty has always been one of the practical challenges in China.The eradication of poverty is the basis for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and implementing the strategy of rural revitalization.Rural poverty has been a widely researched issue in different disciplines such as economics,sociology,political science,and psychology.From the perspective of each discipline,studies related to rural poverty have been increasing.Nevertheless,the results are short of spatial expression.The spatial characteristics of geography make it highly complementary to other disciplines in the study of rural poverty.In recent years,a large number of research results on rural poverty originated in the field of geography.Relevant research content mainly involves the origin,spatial distribution,and geographical characteristics of rural poverty.This study examined the relevant research results of geography on rural poverty,and summarized the research progress on its connotation and standards,measurement and spatial pattern,influencing factors and mechanism,and anti-poverty strategies,etc.The main problems in the progress of rural poverty research in recent years were identified.Issues and future research focus and directions have been proposed to provide a reference for further research in this field.