贫困山区脱贫农户的生计可持续性及生计干预——以陇南山区为例

Livelihood sustainability and livelihood intervention of out-of-poverty farming households in poor mountainous areas: A case of Longnan mountainous area

增强贫困山区脱贫农户的生计可持续性不仅是新时期农村扶贫的现实需求,更是推动乡村振兴的客观要求。论文从生计资本、生计策略及生计环境出发,建立了脱贫农户的生计可持续性评价指标体系,利用陇南山区脱贫农户的入户调查资料,评估贫困山区脱贫农户的生计可持续性、识别脱贫农户的生计障碍。研究发现:①从川坝河谷区、半山区到高山区,从早期脱贫到后期脱贫,脱贫农户的生计可持续性依次降低,且务工型与农工互补型脱贫农户的生计可持续性强于其他生计方式农户;②陇南山区生计不可持续脱贫农户比重达28.83%,高山区、传统务农型及后期脱贫户中生计不可持续农户比重较高,而川坝河谷区、农工互补型与务工型及早期脱贫户中该比重较低;③生计不可持续脱贫户均面临着多元生计障碍,其中近2/3的农户面临多维资本—环境阻滞型与多重要素阻滞型障碍;④针对生计不可持续脱贫农户面临的多元生计障碍,需分类实施多维生计干预。

Enhancing the livelihood sustainability of out-of-poverty farming households in poor mountainous areas is not only the realistic demand for rural poverty alleviation in the new era,but also the urgent demand of rural revitalization.Taking into consideration livelihood capital,livelihood strategy and livelihood environment,this study established a livelihood sustainability evaluation index system of out-of-poverty farming households,and used the household survey data of the out-of-poverty households in the Longnan mountainous area to evaluate their livelihood sustainability and identify livelihood barriers.The results show that:1)From river valley,the middle mountain to the high mountain area,and with the passage of time since a household was out of poverty,livelihood sustainability of the out-of-poverty households decreased in turn,and the livelihood sustainability of work-oriented type and agriculture-industry complementary type are higher than other farmers.2)The proportion of farmers whose livelihood is unsustainable in Longnan mountain area is 28.83%,and the proportion of farming households with unsustainable livelihoods is higher in high-mountain area,traditional farming type,and late out-of-poverty households,while the proportion of farmers who have unsustainable livelihoods is lower in river valleys,agriculture-industry complementary type,work-oriented type,and early out-of-poverty households.3)Out-of-poverty households with unsustainable livelihoods are all faced with multiple livelihood barriers,and nearly two-thirds of them are faced with multidimensional capital environment barriers and multi-factor barriers.4)In view of the multiple livelihood barriers faced by the out-of-poverty households with unsustainable livelihoods,targeted multidimensional livelihood intervention should be implemented for different categories of households.