秦巴山集中连片特困区农户多维贫困测度与影响机理分析——以商洛市为例

Multidimensional poverty measurement and its impact mechanism on households in the Qinling-Daba Mountains poverty area: A case of Shangluo City

中国扶贫瞄准单位已下沉到农户单元,发展和完善农户尺度的多维贫困测度方法是精准配置扶贫资源、提高扶贫效率的关键。通过借鉴"人""地"和"业"关系理论构建了"能力—资本—环境"多维贫困综合评估框架,以秦巴山特困区商洛为例,通过多维贫困测度体系对农户进行综合测度,识别样本区多维贫困户,进而与建档立卡贫困户进行对比分析,并探讨了多维贫困发生的主要影响机理,最后依据多维贫困户剥夺维度的组合划分不同类型。研究结果表明:①有245户被识别为多维贫困户,239户被识别为非多维贫困户,多维贫困户与非多维贫困户在能力维度、资本维度和环境维度均存在较大差异;②有84.08%的多维贫困户与建档立卡贫困户相重叠,多维贫困户在综合维度和单维度的贫困程度均较深;③多维贫困发生主要受"人"的发展能力和生产能力、"业"的金融资本、物质资本以及"地"的地理条件和区位的弱势或剥夺的影响;④多维贫困户划分为发展缺失型、复合贫困型、生存环境恶劣型和综合贫困型4类。

The poverty alleviation targets have downscaled to the farming household unit in China.Developing and improving the measurement method for multidimensional poverty at the farming household scale has become the key to accurately allocate the resources and improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation.In this study,a comprehensive framework of ability-assets-environment multidimensional poverty assessment was constructed based on human-environment-activities relationship theories.Taking the Qinling-Daba Mountains area as an example,this study measured the multidimensional poverty of surveyed households.Multidimensional poverty households were identified and compared with the designated poor households.The impact mechanism of multidimensional poverty was also explored.Finally,the multidimensional poverty households were divided into different types according to the deprivation dimensions.The research results show that:1)There were 245 multidimensional poverty households and 239 non-multidimensional poverty households.With regard to the scores of the capacity dimension,the assets dimension,and the environment dimension,there were great differences between multidimensional and non-multidimensional poor households.2)The majority(84.08%)of the multidimensional poverty households overlapped with the designated poor households.Furthermore,the degree of poverty of multidimensional poor households was deeper in both comprehensive and individual dimensions.3)The occurrence of multidimensional poverty was mainly influenced by the weakness and deprivation of development ability and production ability of the households,financial and physical assets for activities,geographical locations and conditions of the environment.4)There were four types of multidimensional poverty households,namely,development deficiency type,compound poverty type,severe living environment type,and comprehensive poverty type.