农村“三变”改革助推精准扶贫模式及成效评价--以贵州4种“三变”改革模式为例

Rural“three changes”reform of promoting targeted poverty alleviation model and effectiveness evaluation——A case study of four typical models of Guizhou

探讨农村"三变"改革扶贫模式及其成效,为贫困地区选择适合的脱贫模式,巩固脱贫成效提供参考。通过对贵州5个村寨进行调研,获得270份有效问卷,从经济效益、社会效益和生态效益构建农村"三变"改革助推精准扶贫成效评价体系,采用AHP-模糊综合评价法对贵州农村的4种"三变"改革扶贫模式进行分析,评估助推精准扶贫成效。结果表明:1)塘约村"三变"+村党总支+合作社+企业+贫困户模式,社会效益最好,隶属度值为0.172 5;弄苑村"三变"+村集体+互联网+贫困户模式的生态效益最好,隶属度值为0.035 4,社会稳定性强。2)海坪村"三变"+易地扶贫搬迁+贫困户模式,精准扶贫成效显著,经济效益隶属度值为0.152 1,有效地带动贫困户就业和增收。3)山王庙村和扰绕村的"三变"+乡村旅游+公司+贫困户模式成效稍弱,综合效益指数分别为0.021 0和0.025 4,乡村旅游发展的"去农化"现象并未真正解决农户的根本问题,带动就业率不高。

This paper discussed poverty alleviation models of rural“three changes”reform and its effectiveness.The aim is to choose appropriate models and provide reference to consolidate the effect of poverty alleviation in karst areas.In this paper,270 valid questionnaires were obtained based on the investigation of 5 typical villages in Guizhou.An assessment index system,which had 16 indexes are established for rural“three changes”reform of promoting targeted poverty alleviation,We adopted AHP—fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the four typical“three changes”reform poverty alleviation models and evaluate their effect.The results show:1)“Three changes”+village party branch+cooperative+enterprise+poor famer household model in Tangyue Village has the highest social benefit with a membership value of 0.1752.“Three changes”+village collective+Internet+poor farmer household model in Nongyuan Village has the best ecological benefits,membership value is 0.0354,it has a strong social stability.2)“Three changes”+resettlement for poverty alleviation+poor farmer household model in Haiping Village has achieved remarkable results in targeted poverty alleviation,and the subordination value of economic benefits is 0.1521.It effectively promotes poor farmer households’employment and income.3)“Three changes”+rural tourism+company+poor farmer household model in Shan Wangmiao Village and Raorao Village have no significant effect with 0.0210 and 0.0254 of comprehensive benefit index.The phenomenon of be-ruralization caused by rural tourism development has not really solved the fundamental problems of low employmentin rural households,which leads to a low employment rate.