不同燃烧状态下大兴安岭主要乔灌树种碳排放分析

Analysis of the carbon emission of main tree species in Daxing′an Mountain under different burning conditions

运用自主设计的生物质燃烧烟气分析系统,结合烟气分析仪、颗粒物分析仪和元素分析仪模拟分析大兴安岭9种主要乔灌树种在不同燃烧状态下释放含碳气体及颗粒物(PM2.5)中元素碳(EC)、有机碳(OC)的排放因子.结果表明,在明燃状态下不同树种枝(叶)燃烧CO、CO2、CxHy、PM2.5以及OC、EC的平均排放因子分别为181.51(180.17)、1509.25(1496.59)、36.96(28.84)、6.25(3.79)、3.01(2.09)、0.52(0.27)g·kg^-1,阴燃状态下不同树种枝(叶)燃烧CO、CO2、CxHy、PM2.5以及OC、EC的平均排放因子分别为184.29(228.95)、1122.98(1402.57)、53.52(53.97)、5.58(5.98)、2.89(3.15)、1.03(0.88)g·kg^-1;两种燃烧状态下苕条与榛子的CO排放因子均显著高于其他树种;明燃状态下CO2排放因子在树种间差异不显著,而阴燃状态下灌木的CO2排放因子普遍大于乔木;明燃状态下兴安杜鹃的CxHy排放因子最高,阴燃状态下白桦最高.此外,阴燃状态下乔木的CxHy排放因子普遍高于灌木;在两种燃烧状态下乔木PM2.5排放因子均大于灌木,且5种乔木间PM2.5排放因子差异显著而4种灌木PM2.5排放因子差异较小;CO、CxHy、PM2.5以及OC、EC排放因子表现为阴燃大于明燃;在两种燃烧状态下PM2.5及其OC、EC的排放因子规律性相似,均表现为乔木大于灌木,但灌木之间没有显著差异.

In order to estimate carbon emission from forest fire in Daxing′an Mountain and the impacts on atmospheric environment,the emission characteristics of carbonaceous gas,and element carbon(EC)and organic carbon(OC)in particulate matters(PM)which were released from main arbors and shrubs in Daxing′an Mountain were analyzed under two burning conditions using a self-designed smoke analysis system,particulate analysis system and elemental analysis system.The results showed that the average emission factors(EF)of CO,CO2,CxHy,PM2.5,OC,and EC were 181.51(180.17),1509.25(1496.59),36.96(28.84),6.25(3.79),3.01(2.09)and 0.52(0.27)g·kg^-1 for leaves(branches)under flaming status,while they were 184.29(228.95),1122.98(1402.57),53.52(53.97),5.58(5.98),2.89(3.15),1.03(0.88)g·kg^-1 under smoldering status.EFCO of Lespedeza bicolor and Corylus heterophylla Fisch.were significantly higher than those of other species under both combustion states.EFCO2 did not vary significantly among tree species under flaming state while EFCO2 of shrubs under smoldering condition was generally higher than that of arbor.EFCxHy of Rhododendron dauricum L.was the highest under flaming status while that of Betula platyphylla topped the list under smoldering state.Arbor generally released more CxHy than shrubs under smoldering state.Under both combustion states,EFPM2.5 of arbors exceeded than that of shrubs,and EFPM2.5 fluctuated greatly among 5 arbor species while it varied slightly among 4 shrub species.Furthermore,emission factors of CO,CxHy,PM2.5,and OC,EC under smoldering generally topped those under flaming.PM2.5,OC,and EC demonstrated similar emission pattern under both burning conditions,which was higher in arbors than shrubs and seldom varied among shrubs.