2014—2018年上海市普陀区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查

Sanitation status of centralized air ventilation system of public places in Putuo District,Shanghai,2014-2018

【目的】了解上海市普陀区公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况,分析各指标间的相关性,为改善公共场所卫生状况和加强卫生监管提供依据。【方法】按照WS 394—2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》的要求,在2014—2018年间随机选取上海市普陀区18家公共场所集中空调通风系统进行采样、检测和评价,并对送风中、风管内表面、室内空气的9项指标进行相关性分析。【结果】10家宾馆、4家饭店和4家超市集中空调通风系统的总体合格率为86.0%。送风中PM10超标率为3.4%,细菌总数和真菌总数超标率较高,分别为31.8%和33.0%;但送风中未检出β-溶血性链球菌。风管内表面积尘量和微生物指标全部合格。宾馆中加做新风量和嗜肺军团菌两项指标,新风量合格率为25.6%,冷却水中Ⅰ型嗜肺军团菌(LP1)阳性率30.0%,冷凝水中未检出。9项指标的相关性分析显示送风PM10和室内PM10,风管微生物含量和送风微生物含量,送风微生物含量和室内微生物含量均呈正相关。【结论】普陀区公共场所集中空调通风系统总体卫生状况不容乐观,送风中细菌总数、真菌总数和新风量合格率较低,且有嗜肺军团菌检出。定期清洗消毒和安装高效空气净化装置可以提高送风质量,改善室内空气的卫生状况。

[Objective]To investigate the sanitation status of centralized air ventilation system in Putuo District of Shanghai,to analyze correlation between different indexes and to provide basis for improving the health status of public places and strengthening health supervision.[Methods]According to the requirements of WS 394-2012 The Sanitation Criterion of the Centralized Air Ventilation System in Public Places,18 centralized air ventilation systems in public places in Putuo District of Shanghai were randomly selected for sampling,testing and evaluation during 2014-2018,and 9 indexes of air supply,inner surface of air duct and indoor air were analyzed for correlation.[Results]The overall qualified rate of centralized air ventilation system in 10 hotels,4 restaurants and 4 supermarkets was 86.0%.The over standard rate of PM10,bacteria and fungi in air supply was 3.4%,31.8%and 33.0%,respectively,but β-hemolytic streptococcus was not detected.The dust amount and microbial index on the inner surface of the air duct were up to standard.Another two indexes of fresh air quantity and Legionella pneumophila were tested in the hotel.The qualified rate of fresh air quantity was 25.6%,the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila type 1(LP1)in cooling water was 30.0%,and no Legionella pneumophila was detected in condensate water.The correlation analysis of 9 indexes showed that there was a significant positive correlation between PM10 in air supply and in indoor air;the amount of microbial pollution on the inner surface of air duct and in air supply;and the amount of microbial pollution in air supply and in indoor air.[Conclusion]In Putuo District,the general sanitary condition of the centralized air ventilation system in public places is not to be optimistic.The qualified rate of bacteria and fungi in the air supply and fresh air quantity is low,and Legionella pneumophila was detected.The indoor air quality can be improved by installing efficient air purification device and regular cleaning and disinfection.