大气中二噁英的污染现状及健康效应

Pollution status and health effect of dioxins in the atmosphere

二噁英是一类持久性有机污染物,也是典型的环境内分泌干扰物,它的毒性极强,可以在环境中持久存在,也能通过食物链富集,因此近年来引起人们的广泛关注。本文概括了二噁英类物质在大气中的污染现状,介绍了人群对于二噁英的呼吸暴露风险,总结了人体接触二噁英后可能产生的健康效应,并对今后的控制工作提出了建议。在二噁英浓度较高的城市及其功能区,长期吸入污染物对人群的健康和寿命具有潜在风险。建议对垃圾进行有序分类,追踪并监测垃圾焚烧厂周围居民的健康状况,并建立相关排放标准及限值,对二噁英的排放逐渐规范化、无害化。

Dioxin,a persistent organic pollutant,is also a typical environmental endocrine disruptor.With its strong toxicity,it can persist in the environment and be enriched through the food chain.Therefore,it has attracted wide attention in recent years.In this paper,the pollution status of dioxins in the atmosphere is summarized,the risk of respiratory exposure to dioxins is introduced,the possible health effects of human exposure to dioxins are summarized,and suggestions for future control are put forward.In cities and functional areas with high dioxin concentration,long-term inhalation of pollutants has potential risks for people′s health and life span.It is suggested to carry out orderly classification of waste,track and monitor the health status of residents around the waste incinerator,and to establish relevant emission standards and limits,so as to gradually standardize and make the dioxin emission harmless.