跨省贸易中水污染物与增加值的虚拟转移及其环境不平等测度

Virtual Transfer of Water Pollutant and Value Added in Interprovincial Trade and Measurement of Environmental Inequality

关注跨省贸易中经济收益与环境成本的不平等性对于完善消费端责任原则以及更公平地分配污染治理责任具有重要意义。本文以水污染物排放为例,使用多区域投入产出模型追踪了由于最终消费导致的水污染物和增加值的跨省转移,并量化其环境不平等程度。结果表明:各省份水污染物排放强度差异较大,农业部门相比工业部门占据了更多的水污染物排放量。山东、江苏、广东等发达省份倾向于保留增加值而将水污染物外包给其他省份,宁夏、青海等欠发达省份则与之相反。水污染物与增加值的空间转移特征表现为发达省份与周边省份的流动以及向欠发达省份的远距离传输。此外,根据环境不平等测度结果,可将转移模式划分为环境受损经济受益型、环境受益经济受损型、环境经济双受益型、环境经济双受损型四类。基于此,本文建议应开展跨省份、跨行业的水污染物排放权交易试点,政府在跨省份水污染治理中可施行分类分级管控与精准施策。

Paying attention to the inequality of economic benefit and environmental cost in interprovincial trade is of great significance for improving consumer responsibility principle and allocating pollution control responsibility more equitably.Taking the discharge of water pollutant as an example,this paper uses a multi-regional input-output model to track the interprovincial transfer of water pollutant and value added due to final consumption,and to quanti⁃fy the degree of environmental inequality.The results show that the emission intensity of water pollutant varies great⁃ly among provinces,and the agricultural sector rather than the industrial sector accounts for more water pollutant dis⁃charge.Developed provinces such as Shandong,Jiangsu and Guangdong tend to retain value added and outsource wa⁃ter pollutant to other provinces,while developing provinces such as Ningxia and Qinghai do the opposite.The spatial transfer of water pollutant and value added is characterized by the flow of developed provinces and surrounding prov⁃inces and long-distance transmission to developing provinces.In addition,according to the measurement results of environmental inequality,the transfer mode can be divided into four categories:economic benefits but environmen⁃tal damage,economic damage but environmental benefits,both economic and environmental are beneficial,both economic and environmental are damage.Based on this,this article recommends that interprovincial and interindus⁃try water pollutant emission rights trading pilots should be carried out.The government can implement classified and graded control and precise measures in the treatment of water pollution across provinces.