何以走向协商治理?——城镇化与乡村治理的转型逻辑

Why and How to Move towards Deliberative Governance?--Logic behind the Transformation of Rural Governance to Urbanization

在资源下乡的背景下,具有村庄公共性的协商治理何以可能?这是当前亟需回答的问题。浙江农村在城镇化的推进过程中内生出"富人治村"的治理模式,这种模式强调效率优先,能够在集体土地非农化开发的浪潮中抢抓机遇,但却难以回应普通村民的参与诉求,因而也难以平息利益矛盾。在此背景下,地方政府关于治理创新的横向竞争在村庄中形成了协商民主的制度供给,乡土社会多元的产权规则有了一个可以争辩和讨论的空间。此时,巨大的资源流量与密集的利益矛盾反而有可能激活普通群众积极参与村民自治,并在村庄共同体归属感的基础上形成利益妥协、观念变革与治理动员。

With the resources of the state going down to the countryside,one question that must be given an immediate answer to is why and how to set up deliberative governance in a rural community?Some villages of Zhejiang province have initiated a model where"the rich have the say"when they are getting urbanized.This model gives priority to efficiency of work,and is effective for making use of opportunities that come along with the commercialized development of village land,but it fails to respond to the appeals of common villagers for participation,and to settle disputes and conflicts between different interest groups.In response to this,the local governments institutionalized deliberative governance among competing villages to allow various interest groups to have a say to whatever concerns them in their appeals to property rights.Thus the villagers,attracted by huge amount of resources before them and motivated by their interest appeals that are in conflict with those of others,become more actively involved in village governance,which gives them a sense of belonging and a willingness to compromise when their interests clash with those of others.Most important of all,it changes their mindsets and motivates them to active participation in rural governance.