棕地再生中的生态思辨

Ecological Discourse and Speculation of Brownfield Regeneration

回溯棕地生态价值被认知的历程,包括生态学初步认知、IBA实践、荒野价值及再利用辩论,梳理历程中"工业自然""城市-工业林地""城市野境"等核心概念,指出棕地中自然演替而形成的生境系统具有独特的生态价值,呈现出丰富的物种多样性,甚至成为稀有物种的栖息地,具有生态、游憩、审美、荒野等多方面价值。公众对棕地的感知与接受度因性别、年龄、教育程度、专业背景、棕地自然演替阶段等因素而呈现出明显的差异性,其改造与再利用并非易事。基于已有的成功实践,根据工业自然保护与游憩功能之间的侧重程度,归纳出德国的棕地改造与再利用实践3种再生策略,包括工业自然主导型策略、设有工业自然保护地的城市公园型策略、工业自然与游憩利用并置型策略。为中国棕地再生提供新的视野和途径。

This paper reviews the recognition of brownfield's ecological value,including the preliminary cognition of ecology,IBA ecology practice,the debate on the value and reuse of wilderness,and select"Industrial Nature","Urban-Industrial Woodlands","Urban Wildscape"and other core concepts,pointing out that the brownfield habitat formed by natural succession has unique ecological value,showing rich species diversity and even becoming the habitat of rare species.Brownfield has ecological,recreational,aesthetic and wilderness values.Due to the public perception and acceptance of brownfield is different in gender,age,education,educational level and brownfield's natural succession stage,it is hard to reconstruct and regeneration.This paper summarizes three regeneration strategies of brownfield reconstruction and reuse in Germany based on the successful practices and coordinating the degree of industrial nature conservation and recreation functions.The three strategies are the dominant strategy of industrial nature,the urban park strategy with the protection of industrial nature,and the juxtaposed strategy of industrial nature and recreation utilization.It is suggested to further explore the theories and methods of brownfield regeneration in China.