江西洞天福地景观营建智慧

Construction Wisdom of Jiangxi"Cavern of Heaven and Place of Blessing"

洞天福地是道教的理想修行地,也是人居环境的理想模型。依据历史影响力及现今建设现状,选取江西6处代表性洞天福地进行实地调研,分析江西洞天福地在选址、理景两方面所蕴含的独特景观营建智慧,得出:江西洞天福地一般位于盆地,并以江西形势派风水理论为指引;绝大部分洞天福地借鉴壶天仙境来营造仙界景观,整体空间布局模式为:山门--"壶口",道教建筑所在盆地--"壶腔",沿山势曲折上升的山道沟通内外,并呈现出"虚(水)实(山)结合"的特点;植物配置具有浓重的道教色彩,且以常绿乡土古木为基调,寓意万物共生;建筑营建深受"仙道意识"影响,仙境信仰影响了建筑营建思想,仙灵信仰影响了建筑装饰艺术。通过研究洞天福地所蕴含的道教哲学思想,总结出有益于现代社会健康发展的积极处世观、生态发展观、养生观及物种保护观。

"Cavern of Heaven and Place of Blessing"is the ideal dwelling place of Taoism,and also an ideal model for human settlements.Based on the historical influence and current construction status,six representative"Caverns of Heaven and Places of Blessing"sites in jiangxi province were selected for field investigation,the unique landscape construction wisdom in two aspects of site and design ideas is analyzed.It concludes that:Jiangxi"Caverns of Heaven and Places of Blessing"are generally located in the valleys,with the Jiangxi geomancy as the guide;the space layout refers to the heaven pot wonderland,the mountain gate is"kettle mouth",the valley where the Taoist temple is located is"kettle cavity",and the pilgrimage road connects them,and this model presents the"virtual(water)and real(mountain)combination"characteristic;the plant configuration penetrates the Taoist thought,and the evergreen native ancient wood is the keynote,and all things are symbiotic;the building construction is deeply influenced by the"celestial being consciousness",the wonderland belief influenced the thought of architectural construction and the belief in faery influenced the art of architectural decoration.Through the study of the Taoist philosophical thoughts contained in the"Caverns of Heaven and Places of Blessing",the positive living view,the ecological development view,the health view,and the species conservation view are explored,which are beneficial to the healthy development of modern society.