水源切换对城市供水水质及健康危害的风险评估

Investigation on Risk Assessment of Urban Water Supply Quality and Health Hazards by Water Source Switching

为提升饮用水水质,某水厂进行了原水水源切换.为评估水源切换前后该水厂原水水质健康危害风险,文中利用模型分别对镉、砷、氨氮、氰化物、挥发酚、汞、铅等有害物质,进行健康危害风险计算.结果表明,2015年-2017年,该水厂原水总健康危害风险水平在8.0×10^-6~2.4×10^-5 a^-1,未超过国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大接受值5.0×10^-5 a^-1.化学致癌物砷的健康危害风险水平最高,应将砷作为水源地健康风险管理的重要指标.水源切换后,总健康危害风险8.0×10^-6 a^-1小于水源切换之前的9.2×10^-6 a^-1,说明水源切换对该水厂原水水质健康风险的应对起积极作用.

In order to improve drinking water quality,a waterworks shifted water source.The paper calculated health risks of hazardous materials including cadmium and arsenic,ammonia,cyanide,volatile phenol,lead and mercury,and then evaluated water quality health risk of waterworks.Results indicated that the total water quality health risk was 8.0×10^-6~2.4×10^-5 a^-1,which was below the recommended value(5.0×10^-5 a^-1)of international commission.Health risk of waterborne carcinogens arsenic was the highest among all the water parameters.Arsenic should be the important indicator of water quality health risk of waterworks.After water source shifting,water quality health risk of waterworks changed from 9.2×10^-6 a^-1 to 8.0×10^-6 a^-1,indicating that water source shifting had a positive effect on managing health risk of water quality of the waterworks.