“楚之骚文,矩式周人”辨析

An Analysis of the Sentence that the Literature of Chu Dynasty Learned fromthat of Zhou Dynasty

《文心雕龙·通变》篇有“楚之骚文,矩式周人”这句评语。楚骚指楚辞,即屈宋之作,不包括汉代的模拟文章。“周人”文学的主体是《诗经》。“矩式”包含继承和创新,是一种带有主动性的学习。“矩式”的具体对象为表现方式、文体特征和精神内涵。表现方式的矩式可以分为比兴、夸饰、描写、用事和章句这五点。从文体上看,楚骚是赋文体的萌芽,同时也是赋文学的巅峰。再者,《楚辞》继承了颂文体的主旨风貌,扩大了颂的叙事范畴。在精神内涵方面,《楚辞》一方面继承了《诗经》的讽怨精神,另一方面也具有楚人的精神面貌。刘勰形成这种“矩式”观念的原因有三,分别是刘勰的“江山之助”的文学地理学观念,通变的文学思想以及对同时代文风浮华、文体解散的现实忧虑。

Wenxindiaolong has the sentence that“the literature of Chu dynasty learned from that of Zhou dynasty”.Chu Sao refers to Chuci,that is,the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu,excluding the simulated articles of the Han dynasty.Chuci mainly learns from Shijing.The learning style involves inheritance and innovation and is an active learning.The concrete object is expression style,style characteristic and spiritual connotation.The style of expression can be divided into five points:fun,description,use,and chapter.From the stylistic point of view,Chuci is the germination of Fu style,but also the peak of Fu style.Furthermore,Chuci inherited the main theme of eulogy and expanded its narrative category.On the one hand,Chuci inherits the spirit of irony and resentment in The Book of Songs,on the other hand,it also has the spirit outlook of Chu people.There are three reasons why Liu Xie formed the concept of learning style:the literary geography of Liu Xie,the changing literary thought and the realistic worry about the contemporary style and the dissolution of style.