鲁迅杂文与文学审查——以《伪自由书》《准风月谈》为例

Lu Xun's Essays and Literary Censorship——Taking the Pseudo-freedom Book and Quasi-romantic Talk as Examples

鲁迅杂文在审查中被删节、改动、禁止,尤其是他在1933年写作、发表,最后被收进《伪自由书》和《准风月谈》中的杂文。究其原因,是与鲁迅杂文的社会语境有关,包括国民党的审查制度、鲁迅杂文的社会影响。可以说鲁迅杂文既是社会批判,也是存在诗学,即鲁迅杂文既是社会的反映,还是鲁迅的生命体悟、生命意志、生命形态,更是生存与自我存在的言说。审查下的鲁迅杂文不仅让鲁迅保持了知识分子的批判性和独立性,也为他提供了生存的依托和存在的方式。

Lu Xun's essays were abridged,altered and banned in the censorship,especially those he wrote,published and finally included in the Pseudo-freedom Book and Quasi-romantic Talk in 1933.The reason is related to the social context of Lu Xun's essays,including the censorship system of Nationalist Party and the social influence of Lu Xun's essays.It can be said that Lu Xun's essays are both social criticism and existential poetics,that is to say,Lu Xun's essays are not only the reflection of society,but also Lu Xun's life perception,life will and life form,as well as the speech of survival and self-existence.Lu Xun's essays under censorship not only keep Lu Xun's critical and independent intellectuals,but also provide him with the support and means of existence.