幼龄反刍动物消化道微生物演替与消化道发育调控

Intervention of microbial succession and gastrointestinal tract development in young ruminants

消化道微生物在消化道形态结构和免疫系统发育过程中扮演重要角色。文章在综述消化道微生物演替与消化道功能分化关系的基础上,阐述了日粮和瘤胃微生物移植对幼龄反刍动物消化道微生物演替和消化道发育的调节作用。微生物通过刺激杯状细胞分泌黏蛋白和活性树突状细胞,调节免疫细胞分化,实现其对宿主免疫系统的调节;通过介导缺氧,激活JAK-STAT和JNK途径或胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子信号途径调节肠道干细胞分化。相比于液体饲料,固体饲料在瘤胃中留存时间较长,能够促进瘤胃微生物定植和瘤胃代谢,进而促进瘤胃发育。瘤胃微生物移植可加速幼龄反刍动物消化道微生物演替和功能分化,但其对瘤胃微生物区系的影响弱于饲料,是一种潜在的免疫增效方法。

The gut microbiome plays an important role in the development of anatomy and immune function of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT).How microbiome masters host development and physiology,the effects of the diet and the rumen microorganism transplantation on the microbial succession and the development of GIT were reviewed.By stimulating the goblet cells to secrete mucin and active den⁃dritic cells,the microorganisms regulate the differentiation of immune cells and regulates the immune system of the host.By mediating hypoxia,activating the JAK-STAT and JNK pathway or insulin/insu⁃lin-like growth factor signal pathway,the microorganisms regulate the differentiation of intestinal stem cells.Solid feed can stay in the rumen for a long time,promote the colonization of rumen microorgan⁃isms and the production of microbial metabolites,thereby promoting rumen development.Rumen micro⁃organism transplantation can accelerate the microbial succession and functional differentiation of the GIT of the young ruminant,but its influence on the rumen microbial flora is less than the diet,howev⁃er it is a potential immune synergistic method.