我国民用无人机监管之立法探究

On Legislation of Civil Drone Supervision in China

当前我国民用无人飞机正呈井喷式发展,但对于销售者和购买者都没有相应的强制性资质要求,无人机的禁飞区、飞行高度、飞行速度等也缺乏统一的标准,这对公共安全等造成了极大威胁。民用无人机专门法规的缺失,现有相关法律较低的位阶、不足的行政强制效力以及不完备的保护制度也阻碍着经济发展和技术创新,完善三级立法规制,加快将无人机的产业优势转化为立法优势,势在必行。建议尽快开展顶层设计,加强源头监管,设置无人机市场准入条件,实行销售环节全覆盖的销售审查制度,科学划设禁飞区,明确监管主体,厘清监管职责,形成全方位、立体的监管机制。

At present,civil drones are developing in a blowout style in China,but there are no corresponding mandatory qualification requirements for both sellers and buyers.Neither are there any unified standards for drones’no-fly zones,vertical flight height or speed,etc.,which poses a great threat to public safety.The lack of special regulations on civil drones,the low rank of existing laws,insufficient administrative compulsory effect and incomplete protection system also hinder economic development and technological innovation.It is imperative to improve the three-level legislative regulations and accelerate the transformation of drone industry advantages into legislative advantages.It is suggested that top-level design should be carried out as soon as possible,supervision strengthened at the source,market access conditions set up,a sales review system implemented that covers all sales links,no-fly zones established scientifically,regulatory bodies identified,regulatory responsibilities clarified and an all-dimensional regulatory mechanism formed.