北方地区3种蕨类孢子组培萌发率研究

Study on Germination Technology of Three Species of Fern Spores in Northern Area

为加强野生蕨类植物开发利用,实现其高效扩繁,丰富园林绿化植物种类,以北方地区3种蕨类植物:掌叶铁线蕨(Adiantum pedatum)、粗茎鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris crassirhizoma)、溪洞碗蕨(Dennstaedtia wilfordii)当年采集的孢子为试验材料,研究不同浓度赤霉素(100,300,500mg·L^-1)、不同浓度无机盐(MS,1/2MS,1/4MS)、不同浓度NAA生长素(0.1,0.5,1.0mg·L^-1)、不同浓度6-BA细胞分裂素(0.1,0.5,1.0mg·L^-1)以及光照[强度为(1200±100)lx对比暗培养]条件对孢子萌发率的影响。结果表明:低浓度(100mg·L^-1)赤霉素处理对提高当年采集的3种蕨类植物孢子萌发率无显著影响,高浓度(300mg·L^-1和500mg·L^-1)赤霉素处理会抑制孢子萌发,甚至使孢子无法萌发。掌叶铁线蕨孢子萌发最适培养基为MS+0.1mg·L^-1NAA+0.1mg·L^-16-BA,粗茎鳞毛蕨和溪洞碗蕨孢子萌发的最适培养基分别为MS和1/2MS培养基。低浓度NAA与6-BA(均为0.1mg·L^-1)搭配使用可提高掌叶铁线蕨孢子萌发率,但当NAA浓度升高到0.5mg·L^-1以上时,对掌叶铁线蕨孢子萌发起到抑制作用,粗茎鳞毛蕨和溪洞碗蕨对NAA浓度变化不敏感。当6-BA浓度高于0.5mg·L^-1时,会显著抑制3种蕨类植物孢子的萌发。3种蕨类孢子萌发均为需光型,在黑暗条件下不能萌发。3种蕨类在组织培养条件下,提供适宜浓度的无机盐和激素,在光照条件下,均可实现正常萌发。

In order to strengthen the development and utilization of wild ferns,achieve its efficient expansion and enrich the variety of landscaping plants,the spores collected from the three ferns of the northern China:Adiantum pedatum,Dryopteris crassirhizoma and Dennstaedtia wilfordii,were used as experimental materials to study the effects of different concentrations of gibberellin(100,300,500mg·L^-1),different concentrations of inorganic salts(MS,1/2MS,1/4MS)and NAA auxin(0.1,0.5,1.0mg·L^-1)Effects of different concentrations of 6-BA cytokinin(0.1,0.5,1.0mg·L^-1)and light intensity of(1200±100)lx compared with dark culture conditions on spore germination rate.The results showed that the lower concentration(100mg·L^-1)of gibberellin treatment had no significant effect on the spore germination rate collected in the same year.The high concentration(300 mg·L^-1 and 500mg·L^-1)of gibberellin treatment inhibited spore germination and even spores could not germinate.The optimum medium for spore germination of A.pedatum fern was MS+0.1mg·L^-1NAA+0.1mg·L^-16-BA,and the optimum medium for germination of D.crassirhizoma and D.wilfordii For MS and 1/2 MS medium without adding any hormones.Low concentration NAA combined with 6-BA(both 0.1mg·L^-1)can increase the spore germination rate of A.pedatum,but when NAA concentration rises above 0.5mg·L^-1 The spore germination of A.pedatum fern has been inhibited,and D.crassirhizoma,D.wilfordii are not sensitive to changes in NAA concentration.When the 6-BA concentration is higher than 0.5mg·L^-1,the spore germination of 3 ferns can be significantly inhibited.The germination of the three fern spores is all light-demanding and cannot be germinated under dark conditions.This study showed that under the conditions of tissue culture,three kinds of ferns provided suitable concentrations of inorganic salts and hormones,and could achieve normal germination under light conditions.