油用牡丹植株年生长周期对微量元素吸收和积累规律的研究

Study on Absorption and Accumulation Regular Patterns of Microelements During the Annual Growth Cycle of Paeonia suffruticosa Plants

为探明油用牡丹植株生长过程中微量元素的变化规律,以5年生油用牡丹‘凤丹’为试验材料,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定油用牡丹生长发育过程中叶片、新枝、老枝、根和果荚中微量元素Cu、Mn、Zn、B、Mo、Fe的含量和积累量,明确在油用牡丹不同器官中各微量元素的含量和积累量的年变化规律。结果表明:油用牡丹植株在年生长周期中,对于微量元素的吸收与积累存在差异,植株中Fe的含量与积累量最高。油用牡丹植株中各微量元素吸收量的大小顺序为Fe>B>Mn>Zn>Cu>Mo,年吸收量分别为23.16,5.13,2.90,2.54,1.32,0.68mg·株-1,年吸收量之比为34∶7.5∶4.3∶3.7∶2∶1。油用牡丹植株中Cu、Fe的吸收活跃期在休眠期(1月)~大风铃期(4月);Mn、B、Mo的吸收活跃期在盛花期(5月)~果荚发育期(6月);Zn的吸收活跃期在果荚发育期(6月)~种籽成熟期(8月)。相关性分析表明,油用牡丹植株中Mo的积累量与Cu、Mn、B、Fe的积累量呈极显著或显著正相关,Cu的积累量与Zn、B的积累量呈显著正相关,Mn的积累量与B的积累量呈极显著正相关。综上,在施肥时应注意微量元素肥料的补充,同时合理配施肥料,保证油用牡丹植株的营养需求。

In order to clarify the variable rule of microelements in the growth of P.suffruticosa,five-year-old Paeonia ostia T.Hong et J.X.Zhang plants were selected as the experimental material,by ICP-MS and ICP-AES to determine the leaves,new branches,old branches,roots and pods of content and accumulation of copper,manganese,zinc,boron,molybdenum and iron in the growth and development of P.suffruticosa.The study determined the annual variation of the content and accumulation of microelements in different organs of P.suffruticosa.The results showed that in the annual growth cycle of P.suffruticosa plants,there were differences in the absorption and accumulation of microelements,and the content and accumulation of iron in the plants were the highest.Based on absorption from high to low,order of microelements in P.suffruticosa was iron>boron>manganese>zinc>copper>molybdenum,the annual absorption of per plant reached 23.16,5.13,2.90,2.54,1.32,0.68mg,respectively,and ratio of annual absorption was 34∶7.5∶4.3∶3.7∶2∶1.The most active absorption period of copper and iron was from dormancy in January to bell-like flower in April.The active absorption period of manganese,boron and molybdenum was from full flowering in May to pod development in June.The active absorption period of zinc was from pod development in June to seed ripening in August.The correlation analysis showed that the accumulation of molybdenum was very significantly or significantly positively correlated with the accumulation of copper,manganese,boron and iron,the accumulation of copper was significantly positively correlated with the accumulation of zinc and boron,the accumulation of manganese was very significantly positively correlated with the accumulation of boron in P.suffruticosa.In conclusion,the supplement of micronutrient fertilizer and reasonable application of fertilizer can ensure the nutritional demand of P.suffruticosa.