越冬模式及前茬对二年生甜菜种子质量的影响

Effects of different overwintering patterns and crop stubble on seed quality of biennial sugarbeet

【目的】获得二年生甜菜更优的采种模式。【方法】在江苏省沛县繁种基地通过比较露地越冬和窖贮越冬模式,以及露地越冬模式下前茬分别为小麦、玉米和二年生甜菜,前茬为小麦喷除草剂与不喷除草剂对二年生甜菜采种的影响。【结果】露地越冬模式下试验材料抽薹率较窖贮越冬明显提高,窖贮越冬和露地越冬试验材料的抽薹率分别为80.8%、95.2%,千粒重分别为15.27、17.87 g,发芽率分别为85.33%、93.67%,种子产量分别为1 664.80、2 072.70 kg/hm^2,露地越冬模式较窖贮越冬模式下种子收获产量高出24.50%,各项指标差异显著(P<0.05);在露地越冬模式、不同前茬处理下,小麦、玉米、二年生甜菜前茬处理甜菜的千粒重分别为17.87、15.27、14.13 g,发芽率分别为93.67%、88.33%、83.33%,种子产量分别为2 072.70、2 422.50、1 750.65 kg/hm^2,其中玉米前茬处理甜菜种子产量最高,较最低的二年生甜菜前茬处理种子产量高出38.38%;前茬喷施除草剂处理较不喷施除草剂处理对甜菜制种有抑制作用。【结论】在选择制种基地时应充分调查前茬状况,优先选择前茬不含除草剂且对地力损耗较小的地块,在越冬模式上选择露地越冬,既节省了人工成本,制种效果也较好。

【Objective】In order to obtain a better seed collection mode of biennial sugarbeet.【Methods】The effects of wheat,corn and biennial beets stubble on seed collection of biennial sugarbeet were compared in the open-field overwintering and cellar storage overwintering modes,and herbicide sprayed and no herbicide on the seed harvesting of biennial sugarbeet in Pei County,Jiangsu Province.【Results】The results showed that the bolting rate of the test materials was significantly higher than that of the cellar.Among them,the bolting rates were 80.8%and 95.2%respectively,the 1000-grain weight was 15.27 and 17.87 g,germination rate was 85.33%and 93.67%,seed yield was 1664.80 and 2072.70 kg/hm2,respectively.Under different stubble treatments with the same overwintering pattern,there was no significant difference in bolting rate.The 1000-grain weight of wheat,corn and biennial sugarbeet stubble treated were 17.87,15.27,14.13 g,germination rate 93.67%,88.33%and 83.33%respectively,and seed yield 2072.70,2422.50 and 1750.65 kg/hm2,among them,sugarbeet seed yield in the maize stubbles,was 38.38%higher that in biennial sugarbeet stubbles;The previous stubble herbicide sprayed had an inhibitory effect on seed production of sugarbeet compared with no herbicide sprayed.【Conclusion】When selecting seed production base,the previous stubble,no herbicide used and higher soil fertility should be selected first.The overwintering mode of open-field should be selected,which can save labor cost and produce better effect.