民法典视野下农地融资担保规则的解释论

The Interpretation of the Rules of Agricultural Land Secured Financing under the Civil Code

农地融资担保交易规则散见于《民法典》和《农村土地承包法》,尚须经由解释而确定。"两权分离"之下,承包农户借以融资担保的是土地承包经营权,而非土地经营权;"三权分置"之下,第三方经营主体以其土地经营权担保融资之时,金融机构所取得的担保物权属于抵押权,土地经营权定性为物权抑或债权,均无不同。土地承包经营权抵押权和土地经营权抵押权均采登记对抗主义。土地承包经营权抵押权实现时,主要以土地经营权的流转价款或经营收益优先清偿债务。

The rules of agricultural land secured financing are scattered in Civil Code and Rural Land Contract Law,which have to be explained.Under the"separation of two rights,"the contracted farmers transfer the right of land contract management,rather than the right of land management.Under the"separation of three rights,"when the third party management subject secures financing with the right of land management,the security right obtained by financial institutes belongs to mortgage,regardless of whether the right of land management is characterized as real right or creditor’s right.Register antagonism doctrine is applied to both the mortgage right of land contract management right and the mortgage right of land management right.When the mortgage of land contract management right is realized,the debt is paid off firstly through the transfer price or operating income of land management right.